辉光放电质谱分析中质谱干扰及其校正方法的现状

详细地介绍了辉光放电质谱分析中的质谱干扰如同量异位素、多原子离子和多电荷离子干扰。从同位素选择、高分辨率仪器、碰撞诱导解离、离子源冷却、数学方法校正、放电气体更换和放电气体纯度提高等方面对辉光放电质谱的质谱干扰校正方法的现状进行了评述(引用文献共68篇)。     

卷烟辅材参数与有害成分释放量的多元模型的建立、传递和验证

研究了卷烟辅材参数与有害成分释放量的关系。这些有害成分包括焦油、烟碱、CO、HCN、苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)、4-(甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)、巴豆醛、苯酚和NH3。使用多元校正分析,模型传递等化学计量学方法,对实验数据进行分析,建立了多元线性和多项式模型,通过独立验证样品和t检验确立了每种有害成分的最优模型;分析了各项辅材参数对有害成分释放量的影响权重。     

对直接标准化算法的改进及其应用

由于各种仪器之间存在差异,主机上建立的定量模型用于从机会导致预测结果出现较大偏差。目前主要通过有标样方法和无标样方法来减小预测偏差。该文对现有标样方法中的直接标准化算法进行改进,在转移矩阵的建立过程中,对从仪器数据矩阵进行主成分分解,以预测均方差为判定标准,确定最终的转移矩阵。并以玉米和烟草数据为对象,测试了该法的有效性。玉米样品含有2种成分:水分和蛋白质;烟草样品含有4种成分:还原糖、总糖、总氮和总碱。结果表明,对于玉米样品中的2种成分,采用改进的方法可显著提高预测的准确度;对于烟草中的4种成分而言,采用改进的方法可获得稳健的预测结果。     

溶剂萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定羰基合成乙酸反应混合物中痕量钼

甲醇低压羰基合成乙酸工艺方法具有先进的工艺技术性,但其物料中碘化物、酯类和乙酸等在一定温度和压力下具有极强的腐蚀性。生产工艺中采用含有较高量钼的合金作为制造设备的材料,因此,测定乙酸物料中痕量钼,可监测设备的腐蚀情况,对于设备的维护保养具有重要的现实意义。用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量钼,乙酸物料中碘化物、乙酸等基体干扰严重,且石墨管使用寿命缩短,一般认为钼元素容易形成熔点、沸点很高的碳化物,使用普通石墨管测定时灵敏度很低,记忆效应严重。     

粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法与红外吸收光谱法联合测定萤石中各组分

采用粉末直接压片法,用X-射线荧光光谱法[1]测得萤石中Ca总量,Fe2O3,P,SiO2,K2O的含量,再用红外吸收光谱法测得样品中碳含量,换算得到CaCO3中的钙含量,进一步求得萤石中CaF2含量。此方法简便、准确。用9个标准物质制定了工作曲线,并进行了自测,另用该系列中5号样品(GBW07254)进行准确度和精密度测试,结果令人满意。     

微波消解ICP-AES法测定高速工具钢中锰、磷、镍、铜、铬、钒

高速工具钢为高碳高合金工具钢,常温下样品酸溶分解较为困难。本文利用微波消解提高溶样的温度和压力,在王水、氢氟酸和硫酸介质中使样品充分消解,再用饱和硼酸溶液络合过量的氢氟酸,基体匹配消除铁基体的影响,ICP-AES法同时测定锰、磷、镍、铜、铬、钒的含量。测定高速工具钢标样,测定值与标样值相吻合,本方法的精密度在0.55%～4.06%。加标回收率在95.6%～114.8%,满足测定要求。     

激光斜入射光阴极对束流质量的影响及其优化

 针对美国布鲁克海文国家实验室（BNL）型的光阴极微波电子枪,模拟了不同分布状态的驱动激光脉冲斜入射光阴极对束流质量的影响,给出了改变注入相位和补偿线圈磁场强度对发射度的优化结果。结果表明：光斑椭圆化将会导致发射度的大幅增长,优化效果不理想;波前不同步导致的发射度增长对于纵向高斯分布的脉冲可以得到理想的优化。对于斜入射引起的光斑椭圆化和波前不同步问题给出了光学校正方法及部分测量结果。此外,模拟结果显示,对于横向均匀分布的激光脉冲,适当椭圆度的光斑比圆形光斑更有利于提高电子束质量。     

Method of sensitivity improving in the non-dispersive infrared gas analysis system

A method of interference correction for improving the sensitivity of non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) gas analysis system is demonstrated. Based on the proposed method, the interference due to water vapor and carbon dioxide in the NDIR NO analyzer is corrected. After interference correction, the absorbance signal at the NO filter channel is only controlled by the absorption of NO, and the sensitivity of the analyzer is improved greatly. In the field experiment for pollution source emission monitoring, the concentration trend of NO monitored by NDIR analyzer is in good agreement with the differential optical absorption spectroscopy NO analyzer. Small variations of NO concentration can also be resolved, and the measuring correlation coefficient of the two analyzers is 94.28%.     

Generalized spatiotemporal chaos synchronization of the Ginzburg-Landau equation

In this paper, the generalized synchronization of two unidirectionally coupled Ginzburg-Landau equations is studied theoretically. It is demonstrated that the drive-response system has bounded attraction domain and compact attractors. It is derived that the correction equation has asymptotically stable zero solutions under certain conditions and that the sufficient conditions for smooth generalized synchronization and Hölder continuous generalized synchronization exist in the coupling system. Numerical result analysis shows the correctness of theory.     

Minimum mean square error method for stripe nonuniformity correction

Stripe nonuniformity is very typical in line infrared focal plane (IRFPA) and uncooled starring IRFPA. We develop the minimum mean square error (MMSE) method for stripe nonuniformity correction (NUC). The goal of the MMSE method is to determine the optimal NUC parameters for making the corrected image the closest to the ideal image. Moreover, this method can be achieved in one frame, making it more competitive than other scene-based NUC algorithms. We also demonstrate the calibration results of our algorithm using real and virtual infrared image sequences. The experiments verify the positive effect of our algorithm.