空间圆柱螺旋线的NURBS表示

O．引言用B样条方法或B6zier方法来表示自由曲线、曲面，是在CAD／CAM技术中广泛使用的数学手段．但是由于它们都不能精确地表示除抛物线或抛物面以外的圆锥曲线与初等二次曲面，因此近年来，另一种形式的参数样条-一参数有理多项式方法占据了主导地位．非均匀有理B样条（简称NURBS）已被国际标准组织（ISO）于1991年正式颁布为关于工业产品几何定义的STEP国际标准，将其作为定义产品形状的唯一数学方法．越来越多的CAD系统采用NURBS曲线与曲面来建立图形库，研究各种曲线与曲面的NURBS表示无疑是很有意义的．在描述圆锥曲线…     

逆转录病毒载体导入重组ICAD和ICAD-DM对STS诱导大鼠C6细胞凋亡的影响

为了观察caspase依赖的脱氧核糖核酸酶(CAD)及其抑制剂ICAD对星形孢菌素(STS)诱导的C6细胞凋亡的影响,用含有ICAD/DFF45和caspase抗性的ICAD/DFF45突变体ICAD DM基因的复制缺陷型逆转录病毒载体转染包装细胞,并用产生的病毒感染大鼠神经胶质瘤细胞株C6,筛选获得稳定表达目的蛋白的细胞.结果发现STS可显著诱导ICAD组的C6细胞出现DNA凋亡梯带,而ICAD DM组不出现DNA凋亡梯带;与ICAD DM组相比,STS对ICAD组MTT代谢的抑制作用更强(P<0.05);透射电镜观察显示ICAD DM组的细胞核形态改变弱于ICAD组.表明ICAD/DFF45的切割应在CAD/DFF40的激活中占主导地位,抑制ICAD/DFF45的切割并不能阻止凋亡的发生,但可延迟细胞死亡的速度,对染色质凝聚和核固缩的出现亦有一定抑制作用.     

Transmission Line Model Based CAD of Multilayer Dielectric Filters

A systematical procedure for multilayer dielectric filter design is introduced here based on the transmission line model (TLMBCAD). By this procedure, low-pass, high-pass, and band-pass filters can be designed in the same way. The transmission line model works well and is time efficient not only for normal incidence of linearly polarized wave but also for oblique incidence wave with circular polarization. Design examples are given for low-pass and band-pass filters. Simulation results show that the method developed in this paper is valuable for the engineering design of multilayer dielectric filters.     

G cubic transition between two circles with shape control

This paper describes a method for joining two circles with an S-shaped or with a broken back C-shaped transition curve, composed of at most two spiral segments. In highway and railway route design or car-like robot path planning, it is often desirable to have such a transition. It is shown that a single cubic curve can be used for blending or for a transition curve preserving G²$G^2$ continuity with local shape control parameter and more flexible constraints. Provision of the shape parameter and flexibility provide freedom to modify the shape in a stable manner which is an advantage over previous work by Meek, Walton, Sakai and Habib.     

螺旋线行波管1维多频非线性理论与模拟

 采用CHRISTINE报告中的1维多信号非线性互作用模型，在其场方程、相位方程和含空间电荷场的运动方程的表达式基础上，增加了切断区域的工作方程组，并考虑了电位下沉带来的影响。基于此非线性互作用工作方程组编写了数值计算程序。为了便于对行波管互作用进行模拟设计时选择最佳工作电压和输入功率，在程序中加入了扫描电压和输入功率的功能。对某行波管注波互作用过程进行了模拟，并分析了谐波和互调的影响。由于计算速度快,模拟结果较好，对螺旋线行波管的初步设计和验证具有较强的指导意义。     

Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK and its five metabolites

A sensitive and robust high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method to analyze 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and its five metabolites in one passage was developed and validated. The method achieved excellent reproducibility and accuracy. Linearity was observed for all six compounds (R² = 0.999) with detection limits (S/N ≥ 3) ranging from 0.2 to 2.4 pg on column and 0.01-0.12 ng ml⁻¹ in samples injected. Average intra-day and inter-day variations (% R.S.D.) were 1.2 and 3.5%, respectively. A sample preparation method involving C8 and C18 solid phase extraction provided satisfactory recovery of the analytes in mouse urine. Each NNK metabolite was identified by its chromatographic retention time and specific fragmentation pattern. Since the carcinogenicity of NNK is related to its metabolism, the method described in this report should facilitate toxicological investigations into the carcinogenesis due to NNK exposure in the environment.     

一种使用语义和遗传进化思想的CAD和GIS数据转换方法

为提高CAD和GIS数据转换的效率和准确性,利用语义映射关系和生物种群进化的思想,设计了一种用于数据转换的语义适配器,提出了一套实用、高效的数据转换模型.实例表明,该模型具有较好的实用价值,在一定程度上能够解决CAD和GIS数据智能转换的问题.     

流水线模数转换器系统功耗建模与优化方法

针对低功耗应用的需求,对流水线模数转换器(ADC)的系统功耗进行了研究与分析,深入探讨了余量放大器电流、级分辨率分配、热噪声限制、电容缩减系数以及前级采样保持电路等因素对系统功耗的影响.在分析基础上进行了功耗建模,导出系统总功耗.同时,提出采用混合搜索算法来同时优化流水线每一级的精度和单位电容值,实现了一个可以自动完成整个优化过程的CAD工具,应用该工具分别在不同优化条件下对10～15位流水线ADC进行了优化,并给出了14位,100MS.s-1 ADC的具体优化结果.     

Comparison of Fracture Load of the Four Translucent Zirconia Crowns

Recently, translucent zirconia has become the most prevalent material used as a restorative material. This study aimed to compare the crown fracture load of the four most common different translucent zirconia brands available in the market at 1.5 mm thickness. Standardized tooth preparations for a full ceramic crown were designed digitally with software (AutoCAD) by placing a 1.0 mm chamfer margin and 1.5 mm occluso-cervical curvature for the crown sample manufacturing. Stylized crowns were chosen to control the thickness of the crown. The axial and occlusal thickness were standardized to 1.5 mm thickness except at the central pit, which was 1.3 mm thick. The STL file for the tooth dies was prepared using software (3Shape TRIOS^® Patient Monitoring, Copenhagen, Denmark). The tooth dies were printed with a resin material (NextDent Model 2.0, Vertex-Dental B.V., Soesterberg, The Netherlands) using a 3D printing software (3D Sprint^® Client Version 3.0.0.2494) from a 3D printer (NextDent™ 5100, Vertex-Dental B.V., Soesterberg, The Netherlands). The printing layer thickness was 50 µm. Then, a total of twenty-eight (N = 28) stylized crowns were milled out of AmannGirrbach (Amann Girrbach GmbH, Pforzheim, Germany) (n = 7), Cercon HT (Dentsply Sirona, Bensheim, Germany) (n = 7), Cercon XT (Dentsply Sirona, Bensheim, Germany) (n = 7), and Vita YZ XT (Zahnfabrik, Bäd Sackingen, Germany) (n = 7). Following sintering the crowns, sandblasting was performed and they were bonded to the tooth dies with the resin cement (RelyX U-200, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) and permitted to self-cure under finger pressure for 6 min. The crowns were loaded on the occlusal surface in a universal testing machine (MTS Centurion) with a stainless-steel ball indenter (7 mm radius) with a loading rate of 1 mm/min to contact the stylized crowns on each of the four cusps until failure. A rubber sheet (1.5 mm thickness) was positioned between the crown and indenter, which helped with the load distribution. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20 (IBM Company, Chicago, USA). The fracture loads were analyzed using Dunnett’s T3 test, and the number of cracks was analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test among the groups. The significant level was set at p value = 0.05. The mean fracture loads were 3086.54 ± 441.74 N, 4804.94 ± 70.12 N, 3317.76 ± 199.80 N, and 2921.87 ± 349.67 N for AmannGirrbac, Cercon HT, Cercon XT, and Vita YZ XT, respectively. The mean fracture loads for the surfaces with the greatest number of cracks (excluding the occlusal surfaces) were on the lingual surface for AmannGirrbach and Cercon HT, on the distal and mesial for Cercon XT, and on the buccal for Vita YZ XT. We found that the AmannGirrbach had the most overall cracks. Cercon XT had the greatest number of occlusal cracks and appeared to be the most shattered. Cercon HT had the least number of cracks. In conclusion, Cercon HT presented the best strength properties, the highest fracture load, and no visible cracks. AmannGirrbach presented the lowest strength properties.     

The Art of Designing DNA Nanostructures with CAD Software

Since the arrival of DNA nanotechnology nearly 40 years ago, the field has progressed from its beginnings of envisioning rather simple DNA structures having a branched, multi-strand architecture into creating beautifully complex structures comprising hundreds or even thousands of unique strands, with the possibility to exactly control the positions down to the molecular level. While the earliest construction methodologies, such as simple Holliday junctions or tiles, could reasonably be designed on pen and paper in a short amount of time, the advent of complex techniques, such as DNA origami or DNA bricks, require software to reduce the time required and propensity for human error within the design process. Where available, readily accessible design software catalyzes our ability to bring techniques to researchers in diverse fields and it has helped to speed the penetration of methods, such as DNA origami, into a wide range of applications from biomedicine to photonics. Here, we review the historical and current state of CAD software to enable a variety of methods that are fundamental to using structural DNA technology. Beginning with the first tools for predicting sequence-based secondary structure of nucleotides, we trace the development and significance of different software packages to the current state-of-the-art, with a particular focus on programs that are open source.