Spherical and Deformed Shell Closures in Superheavy nuclei

The structure of superheavy nuclei has been studied using the macroscopic-microscopic model. The macroscopic energy was calculated with the continuous medium model in which the energy is expressed as a function of nucleon densities. The deformations and structures of superheavy nuclei were systematically investigated. Calculations reproduce well the available data of experimental α-decay energies and half-lives. The investigation of single-particle levels shows that the shell structure is deformation and isospin dependent. Potential-energy-surface calculations display that superheavy nuclei have in general harder shapes than the nuclei of other mass regions.     

核科学百年讲座第六讲核科学技术在医学中的应用

文章介绍了核医学的发展历史及其在医学中的重大应用，介绍了核医学诊断、治疗的原理、特点以及核医学的几个重要分支学科．通过介绍，展示了核科学技术在人类医疗事业中的重大作用．     

核科学百年讲座第八讲核科学技术在农业领域的应用

主要介绍核辐射和核示踪技术在农业生产中的应用，简单介绍我国核农业发展情况．核辐射农业应用分小节介绍辐射育种、昆虫辐射不育、食品辐射储藏保鲜与低剂量辐射刺激生物生长几个方面的基本原理、发展历史和它们在农业生产中的应用．核示踪农业应用简单介绍核示踪技术在土壤和肥料科学以及与农业相关的植物学、动物学、生物技术等领域的应用．     

极端条件下原子核性质的研究

近几年来，北京大学重离子物理研究所低能核物理研究组，对极端条件下原子核性质研究取得了一些成果，其中包括原子核的高自旋态，超形变带及远高β稳定线核的性质。     

我国磁约束聚变研究的早期历史

不久以前,我国和其他六个国家或地区正式签订了关于建造国际热核实验堆的协议,标志着我国的核聚变事业进入了一个新阶段.这是我国科学界多少年来所盼望的结果，也显示了我国聚变研究具有的实力.     

CFBR-Ⅱ堆增殖反应性转换系数计算

CFBR-Ⅱ堆增殖反应性转换系数是利用源倍增方法获取次临界反应性的关键参数,该参数在多次标定实验中数值不同,为了解释该现象,从输运方程出发,对中子源倍增方法增殖反应性转换系数进行推导;针对不同反应性的CFBR-Ⅱ堆,采用蒙特卡罗方法,对表达式中的每个参量进行计算,得到不同反应性下的增殖反应性转换系数.通过分析得出,增殖反应性转换系数取决于缓发中子份额、外源中子的相对价值、增殖系统和替代系统的泄露几率比及探测器的探测效率比;CFBR-Ⅱ堆增殖反应性转换系数不是常数,而是随反应性变化的.     

The progress of nuclear pumped laser in CFBR-II reactor

Development of nuclear pumped lasers (NPL) in the CFBR-Ⅱ reactor is briefly reviewed. The results of the two NPL experiments in CFBR-Ⅱ reactor are described. The first one focused on the principle of nuclear pumped laser, and 4-mW laser output power achieved. The second NPL experiment focused on the small signal gain and the efficiency of the nuclear pumped He-Ar-Xe gas mixture at 1.73 μm. The maximum laser power measured to be 45 mW when thermal neutron flux rate is 6.9 × 1014 cm-2 · s-1. The small signal gain at 1.73 μm by the Rigrod analysis method is to be 0.24%-cm"1, and the saturation intensity is fitted to be 36 W/cm2.     

Influence of thermal and resonance neutron on fast neutron flux measurement by 239Pu fission chamber

The ²³⁹Pu fission chambers are widely used to measure fission spectrum neutron flux due to a flat response to fast neutrons. However, in the meantime the resonance and thermal neutrons can cause a significant influence on the measurement if they are moderated, which could be eliminated by using ¹⁰B and Cd covers. At a column enriched uranium fast neutron critical assembly, the fission reaction rates of ²³⁹Pu are measured as 1.791× 10^-16, 2.350×10^-16 and 1.385× 10^-15 per second for 15 mm thick ¹⁰B cover, 0.5 mm thick Cd cover, and no cover respectively, while the fission reaction rate of ²³⁹Pu is rapidly increased to 2.569× 10^-14 for a 20 mm thick polythene covering fission chamber. The average ²³⁹Pu fission cross-section of thermal and resonance neutrons is calculated to be 500 b and 24.95 b with the assumption of 1/v and 1/E spectra respectively, then thermal, resonance and fast neutron flux are achieved to be 2.30× 10⁶, 2.24× 10⁶ and 1.04× 10⁸ cm^-2·^-1.     

缅怀著名核物理学家胡济民

 1998年9月9日凌晨,胡济民先生猝然去世.我们万没想到,在中国核科学界的老前辈中,一向被认为身体健康、精力过人的胡先生竟然这样匆匆地离去.噩耗传来无不令人震惊令人万分悲痛.从此,我们国家失去了一位杰出的核科学家与教育家,我也失去了一位相处了40年的恩师.