W/Cu梯度功能材料的高热负荷性能研究

用等离子体喷涂和热压方法制作了W/Cu梯度功能材料(FGM)样品,用大功率ND∶YAG激光对其进行了高热负载模拟实验.结果表明,在100～400MW@m-2的瞬时(脉冲宽度为4ms)热负载下,经过200～700次热循环,未发现有W-Cu复合体开裂.在123MW@m-2的功率密度下作用700次,发现钨表面有再结晶现象及严重的晶界腐蚀和裂纹,再结晶的平均晶粒尺寸约为5～10μm,垂直于表面呈柱状结构,再结晶层厚度约20～30μm.由于激光的淬冷效应,晶粒生长的趋势并不明显.在398MW@m-2功率密度下出现了明显的腐蚀坑,坑内呈疏松的蜂窝结构,坑的边缘出现了明显沉积区,能谱分析表明沉积区集聚了大量的金属杂质.等离子体喷涂试样比热压试样更易产生晶界的断裂的裂纹.在相同的热负荷条件下,W/Cu FGM的重量损失低于石墨材料的重量损失.     

Optimum load scheduling of nuclear-hydro-thermal power systems

This paper considers the problem of short-term optimal operation of nuclear-hydro-thermal electric power systems. The solution is obtained by use of a functional analytic optimization technique that employs the minimum norm formulation.A power system with an arbitrary number of generating stations is considered. The limited flexibility exhibited by the thermal nuclear reactors, when operating in a load-following mode, is accounted for by means of a model of the xenon concentration in their cores. The nonlinear effects induced by trapezoidal water reservoirs and the time delay of the water flow between upstream and downstream hydroplants is taken into consideration as well.A two-level iterative scheme of the feasible type is proposed for implementing the optimal solution.This work was supported in part by the National Research Council of Canada, Grant No. A-4146.     

Dynamic stability of a curved rail under a moving load

The stability of a curved rail under a constant moving load has been investigated using a linear theory; critical speeds of the moving load, and the dynamic rail deflections and rotation were calculated. The effect of the foundation was included through distributed linear springs. It was assumed that the moving load remains in constant contact with the rail and travels along a fixed path on the rail head.     

Dynamic Behavior of Rigid–Plastic Sector Plates

The paper studies the dynamic behavior of perfect rigid-plastic plates in the form of a sector with hinged or clamped sides under short-term intensive loads. Two dynamic deformation mechanisms are demonstrated. The dynamic equation is derived for each of the mechanisms. The realization conditions for the mechanisms are analyzed. Analytical expressions are derived for the ultimate (high) loads and the maximum residual deflection. Numerical examples are given     

孔洞受压的统一极限分析

采用俞茂宏统一强度理论分别就平面应变和平面应力总是对受压孔洞进行了极限分析，得到了各自的统一解形式。以往的基于Ｔｒｅｓｃａ、Ｍｉｓｅｓ、双剪屈服准则以及Ｍｏｈｒ－Ｃｏｕｌｏｍｂ强度理论的极限解均为本文统一解的特例。此解可以适应于广泛的不同性质的各灯材料，合理也得出不同材料的相应解。     

2种参数对预应力混凝土梁性能的影响分析

分析了跨高比、加载方式对预应力混凝土梁抗弯强度和结构性能的影响．利用平面梁弯曲理论导出单元切线刚度矩阵，提出了新的分析模型可用于预测预应力混凝土梁从开始加载直至失效的非线性全过程响应，并利用建立的分析模型详细评估了跨高比及加载方式等参数对预应力混凝土梁的弯曲强度和受力性能的影响．     

断裂过程区D—B模型的叠加原理和截荷修正法

提出分析中心裂纹板剪切断裂的断裂过程区D－B模型的叠加原理，考虑了压剪断裂的摩擦阻力和体现有限权宽影响的载荷修正，以非常简便的方法推导出计算断裂过程区长度和位移的公式。     

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通过对拉压杆概念的回顾以及出现在教科书中几个实例的分析，一方面 说明规范化载荷平衡分析的必要性，另一方面展示杆件分析类型的标准与意义.     

Ply-by-Ply Failure Analysis of Laminates Under Dynamic Loading

Ply-by-ply failure analysis of symmetric and anti-symmetric laminates under uniform sinusoidal transverse dynamic loading is performed for a specified duration. The study investigates the first ply failure load, followed by the detection of successive ply failures along with their failure modes using various failure theories. Some of the well-established failure theories, mostly used by the researchers, are considered for the failure prediction in laminates. The finite element computational model based on higher order shear deformation displacement field is used for the failure analysis and the complete methodology is computer coded using FORTRAN. The ply-discount stiffness reduction scheme is employed to modify the material properties of the failed lamina. The failure theories used in the analysis are compared according to their ability to predict failure load, failed ply, failure mode and progression of failure. The failure analysis is performed for both the cross-ply and angle-ply laminates with all edges simply supported and clamped. The significance of fibre orientation and stacking sequence in terms of the strength of a laminate and failure progression is also highlighted.     

连续体结构拓扑优化应力约束凝聚化的ICM方法

为克服应力约束下拓扑优化问题约束数目多、应力敏度计算量大的困难，提出 了应力约束化凝聚化的ICM方法. 在利用Mises强度理论将应力约束转换成应变能约束后， 提出了应力约束凝聚化的两条途径：其一为应力全局化的方法，其二为应力约束集成化的方 法. 由此建立了多工况下以重量为目标、以凝聚化应变能为约束的连续体结构优化模型，并 利用对偶理论对优化模型进行了求解. 4个数值算例表明：该方法具有较高的计算效率，得 到的拓扑结构比较合理，不仅适用于二维连续体结构，也适用于三维连续体结构.