甲烷部分氧化气氛制备碳纳米管

碳纳米管是由碳六元环构成的类石墨平面卷曲而成的纳米级中空管,其中每个碳原子通过sp2杂化与周围3个碳原子发生完全键合,管的直径在几个纳米到几十个纳米之间,而轴向长度却可达几十微米甚至更长,故被称为准一维分子纳米材料.由于这种特殊结构,碳纳米管具有许多奇异的物理化学性能,如独特的导电性、极高的机械强度、润滑性和吸附能力等.自发现碳纳米管以来[1],人们开展了多种方法进行制备研究,如电弧放电(Arcdischarge)[2]、激光烧蚀(Laserablation)[3]、碳氢化合物催化分解(Catalyticdecompositionofhydrocarbons)[4]和化学气相沉积(Chem…     

Initial value method for free vibration of axially loaded functionally graded Timoshenko beams with nonuniform cross section

Free vibration of nonuniform axially functionally graded Timoshenko beams subjected to combined axially tensile or compressive loading is studied. An emphasis is placed on the effect of tip and distributed axial loads on the natural frequencies and mode shapes for an inhomogeneous cantilever beam including material inhomogeneity and geometric non-uniform cross section. The initial value method is developed to determine the natural frequencies. The method’s effectiveness is verified by comparing our results with previous ones for special cases. Natural frequencies of standing/hanging Timoshenko beams are calculated for four different cross sections. The influences of shear rigidity, taper ratio, gradient index, tip force, and axially distributed loading on the natural frequencies of clamped-free beams are discussed. Material inhomogeneity and geometric non-uniform cross-section strongly affect higher-order vibration frequencies and mode shapes.     

Ba1-xKxFe2As2单晶(Tc=38.5K)磁通钉扎力与钉扎机理研究

铁基超导体是在2008年由Hosono发现的一种新型超导材料, 由于其具有上临界场高、各向异性小、临界电流密度大等优点, 在世界范围内引起了广泛关注. 以Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂为代表的FeAs-122系超导体具有结构简单、合成温度低、单晶容易制备等优点, 是物理学家和材料学家关注的焦点. 本工作在获得最优化掺杂的Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂单晶(T_c = 38.5 K)基础上, 通过分析其在不同磁场条件下电阻温度变化关系、不同温度条件下的磁滞回线等数据, 系统的研究了Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂单晶磁通钉扎力和磁通钉扎机理. 研究发现Ba_1-xK_xFe₂As₂超导体具有非常高的磁通钉扎势, 其中9 T的外场条件下, 其在H//c轴和H//ab面的钉扎势分别为5800 K和8100 K, 展示出良好的应用前景; 通过进一步分析发现, 其磁通钉扎机理应是由于晶格内部的小尺寸缺陷引起的电子平均自由程变化而导致的δl钉扎.     

Palladium(II) Complexes of N-(2-Thienylmethylidene)aniline Derivatives

Coordination reactions of N-(2-thienylmethylidene)aniline derivatives, L, with PdCl₂ or [PdCl₄]^2? in ethanol yield stable complexes of the type trans-(L)₂PdCl₂ with the azomethine nitrogen atoms as σ donors. These are not readily convertible to othor-palladated complexes. An X-ray crystallographic study of the complex (L₂)₂PdCl₂ reveals a centrosymmetric geometry. The structure is in the triclinic space group $ {\rm P}\bar 1 $ with a = 8.633(2) Å, b = 12.759(3) Å, c = 8.398(2) Å, α = 96.65(5)°, β = 111.47(5)*, γ= 101.28(6)°, and Z = 1. The final R factor is 0.043 (Rw = 0.044) for 2396 observed reflections. There is no real bonding between a thiophene sulfur atom and a central palladium ion. However, a long distance interaction between S and Pd does exist.     

高性能MgB2长线材制备及性能表征

采用原位粉末装管工艺，分别以Mg粉(99.5%)，无定形B粉(99.9%)为原料，以纳米SiC(10—30nm)作为掺杂材料制备铁基MgB₂线.首先将已混合的原料在丙酮介质中球磨，真空干燥后，将粉末填入铁管内，然后通过孔型轧制、旋锻和拉拔等冷加工工艺得到11m长外径Ф1.75mm铁基MgB₂超导线.用扫描电镜，电子能谱，X射线衍射仪和超导量子干涉仪测试发现，样品微观结构整齐，晶粒大小均匀，内部仅含微量MgO，T_C(onset)=35.1K，ΔT_C＝5.3K.纳米SiC掺杂后，其中C造成MgB₂晶格畸变，形成有效磁通钉扎中心，C元素在MgB₂中分布均匀.标准四引线测试结果表明，11m线均分10段后，各点的J_c(4.2K,10T)均超过1.0×10⁴A/cm^{2，最高值达到1.2×104A/cm2.在10—18T范围各点临界电流值分布均匀，变化率小于10%.}     

季铵盐三聚表面活性剂在空气-水界面上单分子膜的崩溃压和分子极限面积

利用Langmuir膜天平研究了季铵盐三聚表面活性剂12-2-12-2-12在空气-水界面单分子膜的表面压-分子面积(π-A)等温线, 得到它的崩溃压对应的表面张力g_collapse和分子极限面积A_limit. 与12-2-12-2-12溶液临界胶束浓度对应的表面张力g_cmc和由Gibbs吸附方程得到的分子平均面积A_cmc相比较, 发现A_limit＜A_cmc, 而且g_collapse＞g_cmc. 分析12-2-12-2-12单分子膜的表面压随时间的衰减, 表明这个现象是由于表面活性剂从铺展单分子膜向水中溶解造成的, 而且初始表面压越大, 表面压的衰减越快.     

胆甾液晶掺杂活性层对有机太阳能电池性能的影响

以poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)为电子给体,indene-C60bisadduct(ICBA)为电子受体,通过掺杂不同浓度胆甾液晶氯化胆甾醇制备了有机体异质结太阳能电池.结果表明,适当浓度掺杂使器件的开路电压提高到了0.78 V,但短路电流密度却有所降低,填充因子几乎不变,能量转换效率提高了10%.利用X射线、光致发光、原子力显微镜及紫外-可见吸收光谱进行表征,发现液晶掺杂对活性层的结晶度、分子内部排列情况、薄膜表面形貌和光吸收特性等都有明显影响.     

A new unusual natural pigment from Selaginella sinensis and its noticeable physicochemical properties

A new unusual pigment with a novel carbon framework named selaginellin (1) was isolated from the acetone extract of Selaginella sinensis, and its methoxy derivative (1a) was synthesized. Both selaginellin 1 and 1a are racemic compounds. The structure of selaginellin 1 was established as (R,S)-4-[(4'-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-((4-hydroxyphenyl)ethynyl)biphenyl-2-yl)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one and 1a as (R,S)-4-[(4'-methoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)-3-((4-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl)biphenyl-2-yl)(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one by the analysis of one- and two-dimensional NMR data, HR-ESIMS, EI-MS, IR, UV, CD, and single-crystal X-ray experiments, and the mechanism of their color change according to different pH values and fluorescent properties was studied.     

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a New 3D Lead Coordination Polymer with a Tetrazole-1-acetate Ligand

One new lead coordination polymer,[Pb(tza) 2 ] n (1,Htza=tetrazole-1-acetic acid) has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis,IR spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),fluorescence spectra and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Coordination polymer 1 is of monoclinic system,space group C2/c with a=15.4388(16),b=10.4039(11),c=8.3360(8),β=119.2070(10)°,V=1168.7(2)3,C 6 H 6 N 8 O 4 Pb,Z=4,M r=461.38,D c=2.622 g/cm 3,μ(MoKα)=14.463 mm-1,F(000)=848,the final R=0.0373 and wR=0.0904 for 2744 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I).1 is a 3D coordination framework built from Pb-carboxylate chains and the tetrazole nitrogen atoms of tza ligands.Furthermore,the luminescent property of 1 has also been investigated.     

求解流动与传热问题的一种高效稳定的分离式算法-IDEAL

本文提出了一种求解流动与传热问题的高效稳定的分离式算法-IDEAL(Inner Doubly-iterative EfficientAlgorithm for Linked-equations).在IDEAL算法中每个迭代层次上对压力方程进行两次内迭代计算,第一次内迭代过程用于克服SIMPLE算法的第一个假设,第二次内迭代过程用于克服SIMPLE算法的第二个假设.这样在每个迭代层次上充分满足了速度和压力之间的耦合,从而大大提高了计算的收敛速度和计算过程的稳定性.本文通过2个三维不可压缩流动和传热的算例对IDEAL算法与其它三个被广泛使用的算法(SIMPLER、SIMPLEC和PISO)进行了比较.通过分析比较得出IDEAL算法在收敛性和健壮性上均优于SIMPLER、SIMPLEC和PISO算法.在这2个算例中IDEAL算法几乎可以在任意的松弛因子下获得收敛的解,并且IDEAL算法所需最短计算时间较SIMPLER算法减少12.9%～52.6%;较SIMPLEC算法减少48.3%～79.1%;较PISO算法减少10.7%～46.5%.