Preparation of Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>WO<Subscript>6</Subscript> by Electrospinning: Researching Their Synthesis Mechanism and Photocatalytic Activity

The novel Bi₂WO₆ nanomaterials, which consist of nanosheets and nanoparticles, were successfully synthesized by a combination of electrospinning and calcining processes. The Bi₂WO₆ with different morphologies and microstructures had been obtained in the same experimental conditions. The growth mechanism of such special nanostructures was investigated, and citric acid played an important role in the formation of Bi₂WO₆ nanostructures. The Bi₂WO₆ nanomaterials exhibited excellent photocatalytic property in the photodegradation of the pulping and papermaking wastewater under visible light irradiation. Besides, preparation of the photocatalyst using electrospinning was beneficial for separation and recycling. So, the Bi₂WO₆ nanomaterials have a great potential in application for wastewater treatment in the future.     

Facile and Scalable Synthesis of Si@void@C Embedded in Interconnected 3D Porous Carbon Architecture for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Si-based materials possess huge potential as an excellent anode material for Li-ion batteries. However, how to realize scalable synthesis of Si-based anode with a long cycling life and high-performance is still a critical challenge. Here a water-in-oil microemulsion process followed by UV illumination, calcination, and hydrothermal method to produce yolk-shell Si@void@C embedded in interconnected 3D porous carbon network architecture using silicon nanoparticles is reported. As a result, the sample Si@void@C/C-2 electrode has achieved a reversible capacity of 1160 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.2 A g⁻¹ after 300 cycles and a stable long cycling life of 480 mA h g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ after 1000 cycles. A full battery with the synthesized anode shows a capacity of 128 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.2 A g⁻¹ as well as good cycling stability after 1100th cycles. Such excellent electrochemical performance is ascribed to its unique structure, the yolk-shell void space, highly robust carbon shells and interconnected porous carbon nets that can improve the conductivity of the electrode, buffer the volume expansion, and also suppress Si nanoparticles stress variation. This water-in oil system makes it possible for mass production of environmentally friendly synthesis of core–shell structure.     

IN SITU OBSERVATION OF MELTING AND CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIORS OF POLY(ε-CAPROLACTONE) ULTRA-THIN FILMS BY AFM TECHNIQUE

The melting and crystallization behaviors of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) ultra-thin films with thickness from 15 nm to 8 nm were studied by AFM technique equipped with a hot-stage in real-time. It was found that melting can erase the spherulitic structure for polymer film with high thickness. However, annealing above the melting point can not completely erase the tree-like structure for the thinner polymer film. Generally, the structure formation of thin polymer films of PCL is controlled not only by melting and crystallization but also by dewetting during thermal annealing procedures, and dewetting predominates in the structure formation of ultra-thin films. However, the presence of tree-like morphology at 75 °C may be due to the strong interaction between PCL and mica surface, which may stick the PCL chains onto the mica surface during thermal annealing process. Moreover, the growth of the dendrites was investigated and it was found that crystallization is followed from a dewetted sample, and the branches did not grow with the stems. The crystallization of polymer in the ultra-thin films is a diffusion-controlled process. Both melting and crystallization behaviors of PCL in thin films are influenced by film thickness.     

Hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, and photoluminescence of Pb(II) and Mn(II) coordination polymers based on imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline

Two new coordination polymers, [Pb(IDPT)₂(NO₃)₂] (I) and [Mn(IDPT)(SO₄)(H₂O)₂] (II) (IDPT = imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline), were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The results reveal that the complex I belongs to monoclinic crystal system, space group C2/c and complex II belongs to monoclinic crystal system, P2₁/c space group. The cell parameters are: a = 19.1970(13), b = 7.3875(5), c = 17.3825(12) Å, β = 100.47(10)°, V = 2424.0(3) ų, Z = 4, F(000) = 1488 for I; a = 10.9135(6), b = 7.0230(4), c = 19.7034(10) Å, β = 99.32(10)°, V = 1490.25(14) ų, Z = 4, F(000) = 828 for II. In the structure of complex I, the metal center Pb(II) is six-coordinated, displays an octahedral geometry. Each molecule is further connected with neighboring one via π-π interactions into 1D chain. In complex II, Mn(II) is six-coordinated to form a distorted octahedral geometry. Compound II displays 1D supramolecular chain formed through hydrogen bonds. Additionally, the fluorescent properties for the complexes were investigated. Complexes I and II exhibit strong photoluminescence with emission maximum at 583 and 529 nm at room temperature.     

无外加酸体系中高温合成Al-SBA-15

在无外加酸的体系中,以三嵌段共聚物P123为模板剂,一步合成有序介孔材料Al-SBA-15。考查了高温和硅/铝源物种共水解对产物形貌和结构性质的影响。XRD,N₂吸附脱附,IR,SEM,TEM等结果表明,在无外加酸的体系中,升高晶化温度至423 K促使Al-SBA-15的短棒状颗粒分散、卷曲成环状。与较低晶化温度下得到的样品对比,孔径增大,比表面积明显降低。当晶化温度低于423 K,样品铝含量基本保持不变。研究还发现,硅源/铝源物种共水解时间超过20 h后,所得样品中铝含量明显降低。     

Surface nanostructures based on tantalum and aluminum oxides

Generalized results from investigations into the processes of formation of tantalum and aluminum oxide nanostructures and their multilayered systems produced by the method of molecular lamination on a (100) silicon surface and aluminum are reported. Conditions for the layer-by-layer growth of oxide structures and multilayered low-dimensional systems with alternating zones of the said oxides are determined. Dielectric characteristics of the synthesized nanostructures are evaluated.     

九种Salen型多齿新配体的合成

利用乙二胺及其衍生物的Mannich反应在无催化剂的条件下合成了9种Salen型新的配体,化合物1和2在无溶剂条件下合成,化合物3a～3g在Salen配体中引入呋喃杂环,对其与金属的配位提供了多种可能性.所得化合物结构经元素分析,IR,MS,1H NMR等确认,同时用X射线单晶衍射测定了化合物1和3b的晶体结构.     

Control of a Unified Chaotic System via Single Variable Feedback

Based on the LaSalle invariance principle, we propose a simple adaptive-feedback for controlling the unified chaotic system. We show explicitly with numerical proofs that our method can easily achieve the control of chaos in the unified chaotic system using only a single variable feedback. The present controller, to our knowledge, is the simplest control scheme for controlling a unified chaotic system.     

钻石颜色分级定量化技术的研究

美国宝石学院19世纪30年代起,首先建立了一套成熟的钻石颜色分级系统。传统上,钻石颜色分级靠目视以及与成套标准比色石比较确定。目视分级结果被一些因素如检验环境、钻石尺寸,分级人员等所影响。因此经常出现对一个样品,即使是同一个人在相同环境分级检测也容易出现分级偏差。为了避免上述问题,利用检测设备来评估钻石颜色,成为钻石领域的一个研究热点。可是目前没有达到评估钻石颜色分级的要求。该研究给出了一个有意义的方法来定量表征钻石的颜色。该方法使用显微微区定位检测方法来定量评估钻石颜色,同时该方法可以避免钻石尺寸大小对钻石颜色分级的影响。可见光分光光度计原理被使用在该方法。该方法由样品系统、微区定位显示系统、信号收集与计算系统组成。D65光源被使用,并且色温保持在(6 500±200) K; 高分辨率CCD探测器作为信号采集设备。该方法准确检测了几套不同大小和颜色的带国家（中国）标准证书的钻石样品,结果表明,该方法能够快速、准确的测量钻石的颜色坐标,并自动转换为钻石分级系统对应的颜色分级级别,同时靠使用微区定位检测技术,对圆钻型钻石测试能够排除钻石尺寸引起的颜色分级偏差。该方法对钻石分级是一个有益的潜在技术。