α-甲基苯乙烯共聚物接枝碳纳米管超疏水表面的制备

采用自由基聚合法将共聚物接枝到多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)上制备超疏水表面。结果表明,以α-甲基苯乙烯(AMS)与甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)为单体,经自由基聚合可得到共聚物AMS-co-BMA(PAB),其热降解产物接枝到MWCNT表面可制得与水滴静态接触角为165°,滚动角小于3°的超疏水表面。SEM分析结果表明,共聚物的接枝一方面增大了管间的空隙,增加了表面粗糙度,另一方面又为降低表面能提供了条件。不同pH值液滴测试及放置时间的影响结果表明,该超疏水表面具有较好的稳定性和耐久性。     

Synthesis of TiO2/Bi2WO6 nanofibers with electrospinning technique for photocatalytic methyl blue degradation

TiO₂/Bi₂WO₆ composite nanofibers have been successfully synthesized by a simple electrospinning process. XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra were used to characterize the composite nanofibers. The composite fibers with diameters about 100 nm was composed of nanoparticles and possessed of high specific surface area (49.6 m² g^?1) and porous structure. Besides, the TiO₂/Bi₂WO₆ composite nanofibers exhibited excellent visible photocatalytic property in the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB), and over 97.2 % of MB was degraded within 5.5 h.     

Facile and Scalable Synthesis of Si@void@C Embedded in Interconnected 3D Porous Carbon Architecture for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

Si-based materials possess huge potential as an excellent anode material for Li-ion batteries. However, how to realize scalable synthesis of Si-based anode with a long cycling life and high-performance is still a critical challenge. Here a water-in-oil microemulsion process followed by UV illumination, calcination, and hydrothermal method to produce yolk-shell Si@void@C embedded in interconnected 3D porous carbon network architecture using silicon nanoparticles is reported. As a result, the sample Si@void@C/C-2 electrode has achieved a reversible capacity of 1160 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.2 A g⁻¹ after 300 cycles and a stable long cycling life of 480 mA h g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ after 1000 cycles. A full battery with the synthesized anode shows a capacity of 128 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.2 A g⁻¹ as well as good cycling stability after 1100th cycles. Such excellent electrochemical performance is ascribed to its unique structure, the yolk-shell void space, highly robust carbon shells and interconnected porous carbon nets that can improve the conductivity of the electrode, buffer the volume expansion, and also suppress Si nanoparticles stress variation. This water-in oil system makes it possible for mass production of environmentally friendly synthesis of core–shell structure.     

Fabrication and characterization of electrospun orthorhombic InVO4 nanofibers

The novel orthorhombic InVO₄ nanofibers have been successfully synthesized by annealing electrospun precursor fibers. Citric acid was used as a ligand for it could react with metal salts to get a transparent homogeneous precursor solution and homogeneous precursor sol for electrospining. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP, K-30) was used as a binder and a structure guide reagent because it was one kind of water-soluble polymers. It is easy to gain one-dimensional materials while the viscosity of the citrate/PVP sol was suitable. The structure, morphology and photocatalytic properties of the nanofibers were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, UV-vis spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The nanofibers calcined at 700 °C were orthorhombic InVO₄ with a width in the range of 30-100 nm and length in micron-grade. This one-dimensional pure orthorhombic InVO₄ had the higher photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. The photo-degradation rate of nitrobenzene aqueous solution under visible light reached 69% after 6 h. It is obvious that the orthorhombic InVO₄ nanofibers have a potential application in wastewater-treatment.     

四孔径衍射屏在近场形成的光强分布及拓扑荷

利用基尔霍夫衍射理论计算模拟了四圆孔径衍射屏在菲涅耳深区形成的衍射光场的强度、零值线和相位的分布,发现衍射光场亮斑关于中心呈对称分布,在距离衍射屏较近的观察面上,光强值为零的点组成光强零值线段,该线段上光强等值线的离心率都接近或等于1,其两侧的光强值变化非常剧烈。复振幅的实部和虚部零值线多为封闭的曲线,零值线交叉点的个数为偶数,并且正负相位奇异点的个数相等。特殊相位奇异点周围的相位不仅呈对称分布,而且该点的拓扑荷的值近似为零。随着光波的传播,在不同的观察面上光强零值线段逐渐变短,最终趋于一点。     

Effect of preparation methods on Co/ZrO2 catalysts in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

Cobalt was incorporated into the zirconia support by different methods. The reducibility and activity of the catalysts was directly related to the preparation methods. Impregnated Co/ZrO₂ catalyst showed the highest reduction degree and the highest CO hydrogenation activity.     

增强型酶催化发光免疫分析法高灵敏测定血清中心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ

基于辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）催化 H₂O₂-Luminol系统,对一种新型酚类衍生物 4-（1,2,4-三氮唑-1-基）苯酚对化学发光的增强作用进行了研究。用HRP标记急性心肌梗死标志物心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnⅠ）单克隆抗体,通过cTnⅠ的双抗体夹心免疫反应,建立了简单、灵敏和快速检测人血清中的cTnⅠ含量的增强型酶发光免疫分析方法。实验结果表明,cTnⅠ在1.2 ~ 24 ng/mL浓度范围内与增强型发光强度具有良好的线性关系（R=0.99）,变异系数（n= 8）为 4.7%。最后,使用该方法对人血清样品中的cTnⅠ含量进行测定,测试结果具有较好的稳定性和精度,能够满足临床检测要求。     

Protonation state and free energy calculation of HIV-1 protease–inhibitor complex based on electrostatic polarisation effect

The protonation states of catalytic Asp25/25′ residues remarkably affect the binding mechanism of the HIV-1 protease–inhibitor complex. Here we report a molecular dynamics simulation study, which includes electrostatic polarisation effect, to investigate the influence of Asp25/25′ protonation states upon the binding free energy of the HIV-1 protease and a C₂-symmetric inhibitor. Good agreements are obtained on inhibitor structure, hydrogen bond network, and binding free energy between our theoretical calculations and the experimental data. The calculations show that the Asp25 residue is deprotonated, and the Asp25′ residue is protonated. Our results reveal that the Asp25/25′ residues can have different protonation states when binding to different inhibitors although the protease and the inhibitors have the same symmetry. This study offers some insights into understanding the protonation state of HIV-1 protease–inhibitor complex, which could be helpful in designing new inhibitor molecules.     

Preparation of chiral C2-symmetrical 1,1′-disubstituted ferrocenes

A biocatalytic procedure for the resolution and concurrent desymmetrization of tetraacetoxyferrocene (±, meso)-2 is described. Enantiomerically pure (R,R)- and (S,S)-forms have been converted into the corresponding epoxide 6, a useful starting material for the preparation of polyfunctional C₂-symmetric ferrocenes.