煤焦油在超临界水中的改质研究

在自制的间歇式高压反应釜中，对煤焦油在超临界水中的改质反应进行了研究。考察了温度、反应停留时间、水密度等对产物分布及组成的影响。通过与N2气氛下的焦油常压热解、高压热解过程所得结果进行对比，表明煤焦油在超临界水中发生了轻质化反应，获得一定量的轻质化油品；超临界水介质的存在还对产气量和过程结焦产生一定的抑制作用。为获得较高的轻组分收率，最佳的反应条件为：450℃左右，反应停留时间约为20 min，水密度约为0.40 g/cm3在此反应条件下的轻质油收率为51.55 w%，比原料中的增加了约30％。     

具有过氧化物酶活性的Imm-Fe3+-IL的制备及用于比色法测定H2O2和葡萄糖

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备的Imm-Fe³⁺-IL纳米材料具有类过氧化物酶的活性,能够催化过氧化氢(H₂O₂)快速氧化3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)产生相应的颜色变化。 稳态动力学分析表明,Imm-Fe³⁺-IL纳米材料遵循典型的Michaelis-Menten模型和乒乓机理。 辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)相比,Imm-Fe³⁺-IL纳米材料纳米材料具有更强的亲和性。 联合葡萄糖氧化酶建立了H₂O₂和葡萄糖的比色检测方法。 结果显示:H₂O₂和葡萄糖的浓度与反应体系的吸光度呈良好的线性关系,H₂O₂的线性范围为1~200 μmol/L,葡萄糖的线性范围为10~200 μmol/L,最低检出限(LOD)分别为0.35和3.31 μmol/L。     

CO2矿化反应基础研究 II．有机胺介质中碳酸化反应热力学研究

对有机胺介质中CaCl₂与二氧化碳的碳酸化反应进行了研究,在二氧化碳压力为2MPa~5MPa、CaCl₂浓度为1.31mol/L~2.44mol/L下考察了压力和浓度对该多相反应体系碳酸钙收率和有机胺萃取效率的影响。结果表明,碳酸化反应过程中碳酸钙收率和有机胺萃取效率随二氧化碳压力和CaCl₂初始浓度的增大而增加。结合Pitzer电解质溶液模型、二氧化碳溶解模型对该多相反应进行热力学平衡分析。有机胺的萃取平衡决定了HCl在有机相和水相的分配平衡,水相中H⁺浓度限制H₂CO₃解离,制约碳酸钙沉淀反应。CaCl₂浓度大小影响了HCO₃^-和CO₃²-的活度系数,对沉淀/溶解平衡也有一定影响。热力学平衡转化率与实验结果接近,表明该反应受化学反应平衡控制。     

负载碳酸钾煤焦上CO甲烷化反应的研究

在加压固定床反应器中,考察了负载碳酸钾的府谷煤热解半焦和不同气化率的部分气化半焦对CO甲烷化反应的催化性能。结果表明,原煤热解半焦和脱灰煤热解半焦的甲烷化活性都很低,而负载10%(质量分数)碳酸钾的热解半焦甲烷化活性明显提高,甲烷收率可达30%。负载碳酸钾的热解半焦水蒸气气化反应速率与碳气化率呈"火山"型关系曲线,在碳气化率为22%时达到极大值。在气化反应速率较高时得到的部分气化半焦上,甲烷化反应速率较低。利用红外光谱对半焦官能团进行分析,发现在热解过程中,碳酸钾和煤发生反应形成C-O-K复合物,在1100 cm-1附近出现特征振动峰,该峰的强度与碳气化反应速率成正比。不同气化率半焦经过甲烷化反应后,红外光谱谱图中C-O-K峰强度不同程度增大。     

Studies on the Structures and Hydrogen-bonding Interactions in Aqueous Glycine Solutions Using All-atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations and NMR Spectroscopy

All-atom molecular dynamics （MD） simulations and chemical shifts were used to study interactions and structures in the glycine-water system. Radial distribution functions and the hydrogen-bond network were applied in MD simulations. Aggregates in the aqueous glycine solution could be classified into different regions by analysis of the hydrogen-bonding network. Temperature-dependent NMR spectra and the viscosity of glycine in aqueous solutions were measured to compare with the results of MD simulations. The variation tendencies of the hydrogen atom chemical shifts and viscosity with concentration of glycine agree with the statistical results of hydrogen bonds in the MD simulations.     

相对化学位移值：获得CH基团中氢原子精确化学位移值的一种简单方法

为了解决CH基团中氢原子的精确化学位移值的问题,引入相对化学位移值概念．内标法和外标法用于测量全浓度范围的N-甲基乙酰胺水溶液．对于同一个分子来说,选择分子内某个基团的氢原子化 学位移作为一个标准值,得到的其它基团氢原子相对化学位移值随温度和浓度的变化是和测试方法无关的．     

Enhancement in solar hydrogen generation efficiency using InGaN photoelectrode after surface roughening treatment with nano-sized Ni mask

A significant enhancement in solar hydrogen generation efficiency has been achieved by inductive coupled etching （ICP） surface roughening treatment using nano-sized nickel mask. As much as 7 times improvement of photocurrent is demonstrated in comparison with a planar one fabricated from the same parent wafer. Under identical illumination conditions in HBr solution, the incident photon conversion efficiency （IPCE） shows an enhancement with a factor of 3, which even exceed 54% at 400 nm wavelength. We believe the enhancement is attributed to several facts including improvement in absorption, reacting area, carder localization and carrier lifetime.     

Breakdown characteristics of AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diodes fabricated on a silicon substrate

In this work, the breakdown characteristics of AlGaN/GaN planar Schottky barrier diodes(SBDs) fabricated on the silicon substrate are investigated. The breakdown voltage(BV) of the SBDs first increases as a function of the anodeto-cathode distance and then tends to saturate at larger inter-electrode spacing. The saturation behavior of the BV is likely caused by the vertical breakdown through the intrinsic GaN buffer layer on silicon, which is supported by the postbreakdown primary leakage path analysis with the emission microscopy. Surface passivation and field plate termination are found effective to suppress the leakage current and enhance the BV of the SBDs. A high BV of 601 V is obtained with a low on-resistance of 3.15 mΩ·cm2.     

Cu/TiO_2和Cu/ZrO_2催化甲醇脱氢反应的对比研究(英文)

考察了ＴｉＯ_２和ＺｒＯ_２担载的铜基催化剂的结构及其催化甲醇脱氢的反应性能。氮吸附和ＥＸＡＦＳ结果显示,两个催化剂的结构性质以及铜所处的配位环境比较接近。但Ｘ-射线光电子能谱测试结果显示,催化剂Ｃｕ／ＴｉＯ_２中铜周围的电子密度较催化剂Ｃｕ／ＺｉＯ_２中的高。ＴｉＯ_２结果表明,ＴｉＯ_２能够降低与之接触的较大ＣｕＯ的还原温度。催化剂电子结构的不同导致反应性能的差异,在Ｃｕ／ＴｉＯ_２催化剂上甲酸甲酯是主要产物,而Ｃｕ／ＺｒＯ_２催化剂则催化甲醇深度脱氢生成ＣＯ。此外,Ｃｕ／ＺｒＯ_２催化剂失活较Ｃｕ／ＴｉＯ_２催化剂慢得多。     

Growth of β-Ga_2O_3 Films on Sapphire by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy

Two-inch Ga_2O_3 films with(ˉ201)-orientation are grown on c-sapphire at 850–1050°C by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. High-resolution x-ray diffraction shows that pure β-Ga_2O_3 with a smooth surface has a higher crystal quality, and the Raman spectra reveal a very small residual strain in β-Ga_2O_3 grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy compared with bulk single crystal. The optical transmittance is higher than 80% in the visible and near-UV regions, and the optical bandgap energy is calculated to be 4.9 e V.