蔗糖溶液浓度与折射率、旋光度关系的实验研究

以蔗糖溶液为研究对象,研究其浓度与折射率、旋光度三者之间的关系。通过分光计测量激光光线通过溶液的入射角和折射角,计算得到不同浓度蔗糖溶液的折射率。通过WXG-4圆盘旋光仪测量不同浓度蔗糖溶液的旋光角度。由实验结果可知蔗糖溶液的折射率、旋光度与浓度之间基本呈线性关系。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法同时测定石煤钒矿中12种主次成分

建立熔融制样–X射线荧光光谱法同时测定石煤钒矿中V,Ba,SiO_2等12种主次成分。采用样品与混合熔剂的质量比为1∶10熔融制样,高温煅烧除去石煤钒矿中的还原性物质,以人工混合标准样品和历年比对的石煤钒矿样品绘制标准工作曲线,采用烧失量–理论系数法校正样品的基体效应,扣除谱线重叠干扰。样品中主次成分的相对标准偏差均小于5.0%(n=10),用该方法对4种石煤钒矿管理样品进行测定,相对误差为–4.55%～4.35%,测定值和标准值基本一致。该方法应用于生产实践中,取得良好的测量效果。     

酶解法制备胡柚汁的响应面优化

胡柚汁是益生菌发酵果汁饮料的重要原料,采用果胶酶和纤维素酶对胡柚果肉进行酶解处理以提高胡柚出汁率.研究复合酶用量、酶比例、酶解温度、酶解时间对胡柚酶解效果的影响.采用响应面法优化酶解条件,得到胡柚酶解的最优条件:复合酶用量为0.05%,果胶酶与纤维素酶比例为3,酶解温度为53℃,酶解时间为97 min.在最优条件下,胡柚出汁率可达65.72%,固形物白利度为(15.80±0.10)%,可滴定酸为(1.14±0.10)%,对胡柚汁实际生产具有借鉴意义.     

一种求解非线性无约束优化问题的充分下降的共轭梯度法

共轭梯度法是一类具有广泛应用的求解大规模无约束优化问题的方法. 提出了一种新的非线性共轭梯度(CG)法,理论分析显示新算法在多种线搜索条件下具有充分下降性. 进一步证明了新CG算法的全局收敛性定理. 最后,进行了大量数值实验,其结果表明与传统的几类CG方法相比,新算法具有更为高效的计算性能.     

具有延长共轭的绿色发光蛋白生色团的反向溶剂化斯托克斯(Stokes)位移

Chromophore structures inspired by natural green fluorescent protein (GFP) play an important role in the field of bio-imaging. In this work, photochemical properties of a new class of GFP-like chromophores are investigated using computational approaches. Thermodynamically stable isomers are identified in vacuum and in solvent. Spectral Stokes shifts are computed and compared to experiments. An inverted solvatochromic shift between absorption and emission emerging in this new class of GFP-like chromophores is observed, and attributed to the stabilized charge transfer and inhibited rotational structural reorganization in solvent.     

Qubits based on semiconductor quantum dots

Semiconductor quantum dots are promising hosts for qubits to build a quantum processor. In the last twenty years, intensive researches have been carried out and diverse kinds of qubits based on different types of semiconductor quantum dots were developed. Recent advances prove high fidelity single and two qubit gates, and even prototype quantum algorithms.These breakthroughs motivate further research on realizing a fault tolerant quantum computer. In this paper we review the main principles of various semiconductor quantum dot based qubits and the latest associated experimental results. Finally the future trends of those qubits will be discussed.     

钯/聚苯胺纳米多层膜的制备及对抗坏血酸和多巴胺的催化氧化

采用脉冲电位法(PPSM)结合聚苯胺(PANI)的层层自组装制备了Pd/PANI交替沉积纳米多层膜, 并用于抗坏血酸(AA)和多巴胺(DA)的检测. 实验发现, 多层膜结构形貌及催化性能受前躯体K₂PdCl₆浓度、 脉冲条件及膜厚度等影响. 当K₂PdCl₆浓度为2×10^-3 mol/L, 阴极脉冲电位为-0.3 V, 阶跃次数为17时, 5层Pd/PANI修饰玻碳电极对AA和DA的催化性能最佳; 在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液中, AA和DA的氧化峰明显分离[ΔE_p(AA, DA)=160 mV], 其峰电流与浓度分别在5×10^-5～4×10^-4和4×10^-5～1×10^-4 mol/L范围内呈较好线性关系, 实现了对AA和DA的同时测定. 该修饰电极具有良好的抗干扰性和稳定性.     

New initial condition of the new agegraphic dark energy model

The initial condition Ω_de(z_ini)=n²(1+z_ini)^-2/4 at z_ini=2000 widely used to solve the differential equation of the density of the new agegraphic dark energy (NADE) Ω_de, makes the NADE model be a single-parameter dark-energy cosmological model. However, we find that this initial condition is only applicable in a flat universe with only dark energy and pressureless matter. In fact, in order to obtain more information from current observational data, such as the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), we need to consider the contribution of radiation. For this situation, the initial condition mentioned above becomes invalid. To overcome this shortage, we investigate the evolutions of dark energy in the matter-dominated and the radiation-dominated epochs, and obtain a new initial condition Ω_de(z_ini)=n²(1+z_ini)^-2(1+√F(z_ini)²/4 at z_ini=2000, where F(z)≡Ω_r0(1+z)/[Ω_m0+Ω_r0(1+z)] with Ω_r0 and Ω_m0 being the current density parameters of radiation and pressureless matter, respectively. This revised initial condition is applicable for the differential equation of Ω_de obtained in the standard Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe with dark energy, pressureless matter, radiation, and even spatial curvature, and can still keep the NADE model being a single-parameter model. With the revised initial condition and the observational data of type Ia supernova (SNIa), CMB, and BAO, we finally constrain the NADE model. The results show that the single free parameter n of the NADE model can be constrained tightly.     

Tunnelling cooling by a normal--vacuum--superconductor junction

The possibility of cooling a system from liquid helium temperature, 4.2~K, using a tunnel junction refrigerator is analysed. Calculations show that the device can be used over a wide temperature range from 4~K down to well below 1~mK with necessary cooling power. However, several serious difficulties must be overcome before the method can be used in low temperature laboratories.