ON A GENERALIZATION OF BERTRAND’S THEOREM

Bertrand’s theorem for the determination of the applied forces to a holonomicsystem from one of its first integrals,is extended to nonholonomic systems.Someinteresting applications of this new result are also given.     

侧槽的拘束作用及对断裂韧性参量的影响

本文研究了侧槽对预制疲劳裂纹Ｃｈａｒｐｙ尺寸试样的拘束效应以及其对断裂韧性参量的影响。当侧槽深度大于临界值时，峰值载荷韧性Ｊｍ值与起裂韧性Ｊ１值基本相等。侧槽对试样的加厚作用可用试样的附加厚度表示，对于同样的侧槽深度，不同材料具有不等的附加厚度，试样取得最大附加厚度的侧槽深度为３３％。文中提出用拘束系数定量地估计侧槽对裂纹尖端的塑性拘束作用，能较好地解解放本试验结果。     

初中物理学业水平评价的案例分析

初中物理学业水平评价需要在新课程理念的基础上，充分挖掘评价要素，根据评价目标来确定评价内容．以2011年南京市中考一道试题为案例进行剖析，力图找出其中评价特色与价值取向，为初中物理教学提供参考．     

基于PREF的扫描磁铁电源设计与实现

PREF装置是中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所与近代物理研究所联合设计建造的10～60 MeV质子同步加速器,属于国内唯一的位移损伤效应模拟试验专用装置。针对该装置的扫描磁铁电源输出电流频率200 Hz、跟踪误差小于≤±5×10^-3的技术要求,采用三组H桥串联拓扑方案,通过移相控制,基于脉宽调制实现技术要求。经仿真与测试结果表明：电源能够输出峰-峰值为±420 A,幅值与频率均连续可调的高精度三角波电流,满足工程应用要求。     

高中新课程化学实验教学现状的调查与分析——来自浙江新课程实验区的调查报告

对宁波地区实施高中新课程以来,化学实验教学的实际情况进行了调查,从实验教学的功能、实验开设情况、学生实验中活动方式、实验教学的评价、实验资源的开发利用等方面进行了分析,并就如何落实实验教学的三维目标、发挥实验教学功能、加强实验教学评价、开发实验教学资源等方面进行了反思,试图为一线教师和教材编写者提供一些参考。     

A low-threshold and high-power oxide-confined 850-nm AlInGaAs strained quantum-well vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

A low-threshold and high-power oxide-confined 850-nm AlInGaAs strained quantum-well (QW) vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) based on an intra-cavity contacted structure is fabricated. A threshold current of 1.5 mA for a 22 μm oxide aperture device is achieved, which corresponds to a threshold current density of 0.395 kA/cm². The peak output optical power reaches 17.5 mW at an injection current of 30 mA at room temperature under pulsed operation. While under continuous-wave (CW) operation, the maximum power attains 10.5 mW. Such a device demonstrates a high characteristic temperature of 327 K within a temperature range from -12℃ to 96℃ and good reliability under a lifetime test. There is almost no decrease of the optical power when the device operates at a current of 5 mA at room temperature under the CW injection current.     

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通过对套铣筒这种特殊结构钻柱的分析,在现有钻柱力学模型研究的基础上,针对 套铣筒结构特点(大筒径、薄壁筒型钻柱),建立套铣筒与井壁接触力学模型,通过分析套铣 管柱在井下屈曲状态以及与井壁接触压力的计算,对套铣筒进行力学分析以及摩阻力计算.     

基于CSA-SQP的预测控制器参数整定研究

针对预测控制器参数整定困难, 提出了一种基于克隆选择和序列二次规划的预测控制器参数整定算法, 建立了一个基于免疫原理和序列二次规划算法进行控制器参数整定的机制, 并给出了参数整定问题中的抗原、抗体及亲和力的定义. 在此基础上, 针对系统的不确定性干扰, 构造了基于事件触发的参数调整框架. 最后, 将算法应用于仿真实验, 通过与设定值控制结果的对比, 证明所提出的预测控制器参数整定方法是有效的.     

Experimental design to measure the anchoring energy on substrate surface by using the alternating-current bridge

The anchoring property of the substrate surface of liquid crystal cells plays an important role in display and nondisplay fields. This property directly affects the deformation of liquid crystal molecules to change the phase difference through liquid crystal cells. In this paper, a test method based on the alternating-current bridge is proposed to determine the capacitance of liquid crystal cells and thus measure the anchoring energy of the substrate surface. The anchoring energy can be obtained by comparing the capacitance–voltage curves of twisted nematic liquid crystal cells with different anchoring properties in experimental and theoretical results simulated on the basis of Frank elastic theory. Compared with the other methods to determine the anchoring energy, our proposed method requires a simple treatment of liquid crystal cells and allows easy and high-accuracy measurements, thereby expanding the test ideas on the performance parameters of liquid crystal devices.