高镍系正极材料LiNi0.88Co0.07Al0.05O2的制备及性能表征

以镍钴氢氧化物为原料,采用异丙醇铝水解法合成Ni0.88Co0.07Al0.05(OH)2,将前驱体与锂源充分混合,通过3种烧结条件制备出球形LiNi0.88Co0.07Al0.05O2正极材料,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及电化学测试等表征手段对材料的晶体结构、微观形貌和电化学性能进行了较系统的研究。研究表明,在500℃下保温3 h、700℃下保温14 h的条件下合成的LiNi0.88Co0.07Al0.05O2具有良好的综合电化学性能,0.2C放电比容量达192.2 mAh·g^-1,首次充放电效率为81.6%,1C放电比容量为190.7 mAh·g^-1,100周后放电比容量为141.1 mAh·g^-1,容量保持率达到73.4%。     

微缺陷对薄膜滤光片环境稳定性的影响

用热蒸发方法沉积了薄膜滤光片.并将样品分别在去离子水中浸泡10天和30天.通过分光光度计、光学暗场显微镜、及扫描电子显微镜等多种测试手段,对诱导透射滤光片在潮湿环境下的稳定性进行了研究.实验发现,在潮湿环境下滤光片产生的膜层分离都是从薄膜中微缺陷点处开始发生和发展的,微缺陷是影响滤光片环境稳定性的重要原因之一,其中杂质和针孔是滤光片中两种最常见的微缺陷.EDS能谱分析进一步表明,薄膜中杂质缺陷成分即为Al2O3膜料本身,所以不能推测,薄膜沉积中的喷溅可能是微缺陷产生的根本原因,抑制喷溅可以有效提高薄膜滤光片的环境稳定性.最后还用扩散理论对微缺陷引起滤光片失效的机理进行了分析.     

基于伪势格子Boltzmann模型修正PR状态方程

探讨势函数对伪势格子Boltzmann模型基于PR状态方程计算饱和水气液两相密度的影响,发现选取合适的势函数形式虽可使模拟结果与Maxwell理论解吻合良好,但其与实验值的差距却较大,需修正PR方程。基于伪势模型分析文献中的PR型状态方程发现,单独修正引力或斥力项,均无法同时兼顾计算精度和模型适用的温度范围。为此,本文基于该模型同时对PR方程的引、斥力项系数进行修正,得到了一个新的能够准确地描述饱和水气液两相性质的状态方程。     

Faraday-rotation self-interference method for electron beam duration measurement in the laser wakefield accelerator

Real-time single-shot measurement of the femtosecond electron beam duration in laser wakefield accelerators is discussed for both experimental design and theoretical analysis that combines polarimetry and interferometry.The probe pulse polarization is rotated by the azimuthal magnetic field of the electron beam and then introduced into a Michelson-type interferometer for self-interference. The electron beam duration is obtained from the region size of the interference fringes, which is independent of the pulse width of the probe laser. Using a larger magnification system or incident angle, the measurement resolution can be less than 1 fs.     

Rugate filters prepared by rapidly alternating deposition

A methodology for the fabrication of composite (Nb₂O₅)_1-x(SiO₂)_x thin-film rugate filters by using pulsed direct current magnetron sputtering is presented. The two materials are mixed using rapidly alternating deposition technology. The optical properties of the composite films varying with the composition of the material are studied in detail. Refractive indices between 1.50 and 2.14 can be realized in our coating system. Two designed rugate filters with a reflection band at the wavelength of 532 nm are fabricated using an automatic deposition process. The microstructure of the rugate filter is investigated by using scanning electron microscopy. The calculated and the measured transmittance spectra are in good agreement with each other. The causes of the slight differences between them are also analysed.     

Si-Fe复合SiOx/石墨基负极材料的电化学性能

针对硅氧基负极材料的主要缺陷,在SiO_x/石墨基负极材料中巧妙地引入了Si-Fe、SnO₂合金化合物,以改善其电化学性能,并通过机械球磨、喷雾干燥和高温热解策略制备了一系列硅氧基复合负极材料。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和恒流充放电测试仪对复合材料的物相、微观形貌及电化学性能进行了表征。电化学测试结果表明,复合质量分数5% Si-Fe的目标材料充电容量高达443.4 mAh·g^-1,首次库仑效率达75.2%,循环310圈之后容量仍有369.1 mAh·g^-1,容量保持率为81.0%(相对第11圈);同时,经Si-Fe复合之后,锂离子扩散速率得到了明显改善。     

含磷稠环8,9,16,17-四脱氢-6,14-二硫羰基-6,14-三巯基-7,8,15,16-四氮-5,13-二氧-6,14-二磷杂二苯并[a,b]蒽烷吡啶盐及其衍生物的合成和结构

The syntheses of the title compound and its eleven derivatives I (R = alkyl, benzyl, allyl, CH2CO2Et) are described. The crystal and mol. structures of the pyridinium compound and its several derivatives were also determine     

平面行星夹具的物理气相沉积均匀性计算

建立了平面行星夹具薄膜淀积无量纲模型,通过对蒸发源位置L/H、行星主轴与副轴距离P/H、夹角倾角A以及蒸发源蒸汽发射特性N等因素的分析,得到了典型径向理论均匀的优化几何配置.并从优化几何配置的膜料效率、角向均匀性和膜厚分布对蒸发源蒸汽发射特性变化的敏感性方面评价优化结果,得到了最优化设计区域.结果表明,优化配置的L/H+P/H小,则角分布差异小;L/H+P/H和A小,则膜料效率高L<P,A=-15°时,优化配置对N变化最不敏感L>P时,由N变化引起的典型径向分布变化小于0.5%.