Determination of Metallic Impurities by ICP-MS Technique in Eyeshadows Purchased in Poland. Part I

Eye shadows, which are products willingly and frequently used by women and even children, have been reported in literature to contain toxic metals. In this work, a total of 94 eye shadows samples available on the Polish market were collected. Eye shadow products have been selected in order to include several parameters important from the point of view of the typical consumer such as: product type (mat/pearl), consumer group (for adults and children), price range (very cheap, medium price, expensive and very expensive), color (twelve different colors were tested), manufacturer (eight brands were investigated) or country of production (four countries were included). The concentration of selected metals (Ag, Ba, Bi, Cd, Pb, Sr, Tl) was determined by ICP-MS technique after the sample extraction with a mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a microwave closed system. For Ag, Cd and Tl, some results were below the established limit of quantification for the employed technique. The presence of strontium, barium, lead and bismuth was confirmed in all studied samples. The obtained results for analyzed elements were, in general, quite comparable with the data reported by other authors. A small number of samples exceeding the permissible values (two samples were beyond the limit value for Cd of 0.5 mg/kg and one exceed the acceptable concentration for Pb of 10 mg/kg) also proves a relatively good condition of the Polish cosmetics market and suggests insubstantial risk for the potential consumers. The results gathered for some of the eye shadows intended for children turned out to be alarmingly high, in particular for elements such as Cd. The highest concentration of Cd reached almost 4 mg/kg, while of Pb amounted to 16 mg/kg. The presence of the statistically significant differences was confirmed for all included parameters with an exception of the color of the eye shadow. Considering the results acquired only for Cd and Pb with respect to the country of origin, the least contaminated cosmetics by metallic impurities seem to be the one produced in Canada, while the ones presenting the highest health risk among all studied eye shadows are make-up cosmetics originating from Poland and Italy. Multivariate analysis of a large data set using CA methods and PCA provided valuable information on dependencies between variables and objects.     

香精香料化妆品通识课程案例教学的探索与实践

在香精香料化妆品通识课程中引入案例教学法的实践证明,案例教学法不仅能调动学生的学习积极性,加深对抽象原理或概念的理解和掌握,而且有助于提高学生分析、解决实际问题的能力,同时达到教学相长的效果。     

Surface-Bonding-Enhanced Self-Co-Reactant Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Thioglycolic Acid in Cosmetics

Thioglycolic acid (TGA) is an organic compound widely used in cosmetics that cause a variety of health problems when overexposed to it. So far many attempts have been made to develop methods for TGA detection, but most of them need sophisticated instrumentations and are a little bit complicated. Therefore, a simple, cheap and sensitive detection method of TGA is highly desired. Herein, we demonstrated for the first time an Au−S bonding amplified, highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing method for TGA detection using tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)₃²⁺) as a luminophore and TGA as a self-co-reactant, via an anodic reaction at the Au electrode surface. Due to different molecular coordination environments of the TGA at the electrode surface, the ECL signal intensity of the developed ECL system gives much higher ECL signal in borate buffer than phosphate buffer of the same pH. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the ECL intensity has a direct relationship with the concentration of TGA in the range of 0.03 μM to 300 μM and a limit of detection of 0.013 μM (3σ/m). The reported ECL system has further been applied for the detection of TGA in cosmetics with acceptable recoveries.     

Multi-Target Strategy to Uncover Unexpected Compounds in Rinse-Off and Leave-On Cosmetics

The wide range and complexity of cosmetic formulations currently available on the market poses a challenge from an analytical point of view. In addition, during cosmetics manufacture, impurities coming from raw materials or formed by reaction of different organic compounds present in the formulation may be present. Their identification is mandatory to assure product quality and consumer health. In this work, micro-matrix solid-phase dispersion (μMSPD) is proposed as a multi-target sample preparation strategy to analyze a wide number of unexpected families of compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, plasticizers, nitrosamines, alkylphenols (APs), and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs). Analytical determination was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the determination of 51 target compounds in a single run, whereas liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed for the analysis of six APs and APEOs. Both methodologies were successfully validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, and precision in leave-on and rinse-off cosmetics. Limits of detection (LODs) were calculated in the low ng g⁻¹, showing their suitability to determine trace levels of impurities and banned compounds with different chemical natures, providing useful tools to cosmetic control laboratories and companies.     

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定化妆品中18种氯代烃类有机溶剂

建立了同时测定化妆品中18种氯代烃类有机溶剂的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测方法。样品在饱和氯化钠溶液中由正十四烷振荡提取后,以Agilent J&W DB-624超高惰性毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×1.4 μm)为分离色谱柱进行分析,以电子轰击(EI)源、SIM模式进行质谱监测,外标法定量。结果表明,18种化合物在19 min内完成色谱分离分析,检出限(LOD, S/N=3)和定量限(LOQ, S/N=10)分别为0.033~0.049 mg/L和0.10~0.15 mg/L, 18种氯代烃类有机溶剂在0.2~100 mg/L线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R²)均不小于0.9992。以阴性样品口红(固体)和漱口水(液体)为样品基质,在不同添加水平下,18种氯代烃类有机溶剂的平均回收率分别为92.4%~103.1%和93.3%~102.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)分别为3.1%~5.3%和2.8%~5.4%。采用该方法对115个化妆品样品进行测定,3个指甲油样品均检测出四氯乙烯,测定值为11.4~42.0 g/kg。研究建立的方法采用高沸点溶剂作为进样溶剂,取消溶剂延迟时间,使只能在溶剂延迟时间出峰的化合物得到有效色谱分离,分析时间短,且重复性好,灵敏度高,可同时检测各种化妆品中多种氯代烃类有机溶剂。该方法的建立为我国化妆品中氯代烃类有机溶剂检测标准的制订和质量安全监控提供了参考。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定祛痘类化妆品中保泰松与氨基比林的研究

建立了快速测定祛痘类化妆品中保泰松和氨基比林的固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品以乙腈为提取溶剂超声萃取,经Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化浓缩后,采用Eclipse XDB-C_(18)(3.5μm,4.6 mm×150 mm)色谱柱进行分离,甲醇-10 mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为0.5mL·min~(-1)。采用电喷雾正离子源(ESI+),多反应监测(MRM)扫描方式检测,基质匹配标准曲线法定量。结果表明,保泰松和氨基比林在2.0~200.0μg·L~(-1)范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.99,方法检出限分别为1.5、0.8μg·kg~(-1),定量下限分别为4.9、2.7μg·kg~(-1)。低、中、高3个加标水平下的平均回收率为77.8%~93.4%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.4%~7.8%,日间RSD为3.6%~9.5%。该方法简捷、快速、检出限低,能够为化妆品中保泰松和氨基比林残留状况的监测工作和产品质量控制提供科学依据和技术支持。     

超高效液相色谱法同时鉴定育发化妆品中17种植物提取物标识成分

建立了同时鉴定育发化妆品中芍药苷、羟基红花黄色素A、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、阿魏酸等17种植物提取物标识成分的超高效液相分析方法。不同基质的样品经80%甲醇溶液涡旋振荡、超声提取及Na Cl法破乳后,提取液经高速离心处理。选用Waters ACUITY UPLC CSH C18反相色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),以甲醇/0.05%H3PO4为流动相,梯度洗脱,然后采用二极阵列管检测器(PDA)进行测定。考察了方法的灵敏度、线性范围、回收率、日内和日间精密度。在本方法条件下,17种标识功效成分在0.2~25 mg/L的浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999;方法检出限为0.3~1.5 mg/kg,方法定量限为1.0~4.0 mg/kg。样品的回收率为93.5%~105.0%,日内精密度(n=6)为0.4%~4.5%,日间精密度(n=6)为0.8%~4.6%。本方法简单、快速、准确,已成功用于实际样品中17种标识功效成分的鉴定检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中6种生物碱

建立了一种同时测定化妆品中6种生物碱(秋水仙碱、萝芙碱、藜芦定、西伐丁、麦角胺、麦角克碱)的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。试样用0.1%甲酸-乙腈混合溶剂超声提取,Cleanert PCX固相萃取柱净化,经Thermo Hypersil GOLD色谱柱分离后在多反应监测模式下检测。结果表明:6种生物碱在0.2~20μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r20.999 0),方法定量下限为2.0~5.3μg/kg,3个加标水平下的平均回收率为83.9%~101.1%,相对标准偏差为0.7%~6.6%。该方法快速准确、灵敏度高,适用于化妆品中生物碱的安全性评价。     

原子荧光法测定化妆品中砷的能力验证

在能力验证试验中,采用微波消解-原子荧光光度法测定了化妆品中的砷含量,Z值为-0.81,|Z|2,采用稳健统计"Z比分值"来评价和判定检测结果,结果满意.采用加标回收和精密度试验进行质量控制,并就如何提高试验准确度及需注意的问题进行了讨论.     

化妆品中己脒定与氯己定及其盐类的超高效液相色谱法测定及质谱确证

建立了化妆品中己脒定和氯己定及其盐类的超高效液相色谱测定及质谱确证分析方法。化妆水、香波、散粉及膏霜等试样经饱和氯化钠溶液破乳,唇膏等蜡质类试样经四氢呋喃分散后,依次加入水和甲醇,涡旋振荡混匀,进行超声辅助提取,固相萃取净化,采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱分离,以0.1%三氟乙酸-水和0.1%三氟乙酸-乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器(DAD)检测,外标法定量,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱进行确证。在优化实验条件下,己脒定(羟乙基磺酸)盐和氯己定在一定浓度范围内线性关系良好(r2≥0.999 6);方法检出限和定量下限分别为10 mg/kg和20 mg/kg;在20~3 000 mg/kg加标水平下,方法的平均回收率为81.9%~97.6%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为0.9%~7.8%。该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高、特异性好,可用于化妆品的实际检验工作。