Voltammetric determination of attomolar levels of a sequence derived from the genom of hepatitis B virus by using molecular beacon mediated circular strand displacement and rolling circle amplification

The authors describe an electrochemical method for the determination of the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) oligonucleotide with a sequence derived from the genom of hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is making use of circular strand displacement (CSD) and rolling circle amplification (RCA) strategies mediated by a molecular beacon (MB). This ssDNA hybridizes with the loop portion of the MB immobilized on the surface of a gold electrode, while primer DNA also hybridizes with the rest of partial DNA sequences of MB. This triggers the MB-mediated CSD. The RCA is then initiated to produce a long DNA strand with multiple tandem-repeat sequences, and this results in a significant increase of the differential pulse voltammetric response of the electrochemical probe Methylene Blue at a rather low working potential of ?0.24 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Under optimal experimental conditions, the assay displays an ultrahigh sensitivity (with a 2.6 aM detection limit) and excellent selectivity. Response is linear in the 10 to 700 aM DNA concentration range.

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Graphical abstract Schematic of a voltammetric method for the determination of attomolar levels of target DNA. It is based on molecular beacon mediated circular strand displacement and rolling circle amplification strategies. Under optimal experimental conditions, the assay displays an ultrahigh sensitivity with a 2.6 aM detection limit and excellent selectivity.

     

Regioselective and Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Indolyl Cyclopentenamides by Chiral Anion Catalysis

The regioselective and enantioselective synthesis of β‐indolyl cyclopentenamides, a versatile chiral building block, by asymmetric addition of indoles to α,β‐unsaturated iminium intermediates has been achieved through chiral anion catalysis. Key to the success of this methodology is the generation of a chiral anion‐paired ketone‐type α,β‐unsaturated iminium intermediate from α‐hydroxy enamides. Preliminary mechanistic studies and DFT calculations are consistent with a mechanism involving multiple, concurrent pathways for isomerization of the initially formed azaallylcation into the key α,β‐unsaturated iminium intermediate, all mediated by the phosphoric acid catalyst.     

不同光源下累托石-TiO2降解染料废水

以TiCl4和累托石为主要原料制备了累托石-TiO2光催化剂，研究了在紫外光和太阳光下，其降解甲基橙溶液的光催化性能．实验结果表明：在紫外灯光下反应30min，分别以TiO2和累托石-TiO2为催化剂降解甲基橙溶液，甲基橙脱色率分别为50%和93％．催化剂在相同的制备条件下，累托石-TiO2的光催化活性约为TiO2的两倍；在太阳光下，分别以TiO2和累托石-TiO2为催化剂降解甲基橙溶液6h，甲基橙的脱色率分别为62．9％和87．6％．     

双金属层状板中软界面层对裂纹扩展的影响

采用带软界面层的双金属层状板，分析了裂纹垂直于界面扩展过程中的力学行为。带单边裂纹的钢／铝层板的弯曲疲劳实验表明，裂尖接近软铝界面层时裂纹扩展速率da／dN变化很大；裂纹扩展到达界面层时发生偏折。利用有限元软件分析了裂纹尖端前沿应力和应变的变化规律，计算结果表明：软铝界面层出现较大塑性应变，增加了裂纹扩展阻力，并使裂纹扩展力△K减小，导致了da／dN降低．而软界面层中的T应力增高，造成裂纹偏折现象。     

六溴环十二烷的样品前处理和检测方法研究进展北大核心CSCD

作为一种常见的溴代阻燃剂,六溴环十二烷(HBCDs)因具备持久性、长距离迁移性、生物蓄积性和高毒性,于2013年被列入《斯德哥尔摩公约》。因此,环境样品中HBCDs污染水平的准确分析和严格控制对完善环境监管长效机制至关重要。然而,实际样品中HBCDs的定性定量分析正面临着基质复杂、目标物含量低等问题。尤其,HBCDs在高温环境及特定有机溶剂中易降解,会产生异构体,提高了分析难度。该综述简述了HBCDs的理化性质、毒性危害和标准限制,重点围绕不同基质中HBCDs的样品前处理和仪器检测两方面进行了总结。论文内容引用2000~2022年的70余篇源于科学引文索引(SCI)与中文核心期刊中的相关论文。总结归纳了固体和液体样品中HBCDs分析的前处理技术,包括索式提取、超声辅助萃取、加速溶剂萃取、超临界流体萃取、液液萃取、分散液液微萃取、固相萃取、分散固相萃取和固相微萃取等,介绍了气相色谱、液相色谱和色谱-质谱联用技术等仪器检测方法在HBCDs分析中的应用。通过综述近期相关研究,侧面表明HBCDs的分析方法研究发展迅速,但也面临一些挑战,如样品前处理步骤繁琐、耗时长、样品量和有机溶剂用量大等问题。最后,对新型样品前处理技术在HBCDs分析中的应用进行了展望。     

HIRFL—CSR电子冷却装置的电子枪设计

 从理论上推导并分析了绝热加速原理，进而应用改进的EGUN程序对HIRFL – CSR冷却装置电子枪进行了模拟设计。给出了电子束的横向温度随电极结构和螺线管纵向磁场的变化情况。计算结果表明：在冷却装置的整个工作能量范围内，可以获得横向温度低于0.1eV的电子束。     

核素等时性质量测量实验中一种基于离子速度纯化次级束的方法

等时性质量谱仪（Isochronous Mass Spectrometry,IMS）是测量短寿命核素质量的有效实验装置。在IMS核素质量测量实验过程中,目标核素通过弹核碎裂反应产生,并被次级束流线分离、传输后注入到储存环内。由于远离稳定线的目标核素产额非常低,经常伴随大量杂质核素产生,这些杂质离子会加重飞行时间探测器（Time of Flight,TOF）系统的工作负担。在HIRFL-CSR利用IMS进行核素质量测量实验过程中,发展了一种进一步纯化筛选次级离子的方法,以减轻TOF系统的工作负担。基于次级离子在束流线中飞行速度的差异性,利用HIRFL-CSR踢轨磁铁（Kicker）系统,调节次级束流注入CSRe的时间,使次级离子得到进一步筛选和纯化后注入到CSRe内。在实验中,我们测试并验证了该方法的可行性,并讨论了它在纯化次级束流方面的作用。The isochronous Mass Spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful experimental instrument for measuring masses of short-lived nuclides.In the IMS,the nuclides of interest are produced via the projectile fragmentation reaction,then injected into the storage ring after the in-flight separation with beam line.The yields of the nuclides of interest are usually very small accompanying a huge amount of contaminant nuclides,aggravating the load of time-of-flight (TOF) detector.In the IMS nuclear mass measurement experiment conducted at the HIRFL-CSR,we developed a method of purifying the secondary beam fragments to ease the burden of the TOF detector,which is based on the differences of the ions' velocities in the beam line and realized by adjusting the injection time of secondary fragments using the Kicker system of the HIRFL-CSR.We tested and verified the method in an online experiment,and its performance is discussed in this paper.     

高效液相色谱快速测定草本植物饮料中28种外源性药物和内源性成分

建立了高效液相色谱快速测定草本植物饮料中28种外源性药物和内源性成分的分析方法。样品经甲醇-水（70：30,v/v）超声提取后,使用Thermo Accucore C18色谱柱（100 mm×4.6 mm,2.6 μm）,以甲醇、乙腈和20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液（pH 4.2）为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.2 mL/min,柱温为35℃,采用二极管阵列检测器,检测波长为254和220 nm,外标法定量。结果表明,28种成分在1~100 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r）均不小于0.999。液体样品和固体样品的检出限（LODs）分别为1~10和20~200 mg/kg。28种成分在液体和固体样品中的加标回收率分别为88.8%~118.6%和92.7%~112.3%,相对标准偏差（RSDs）分别为0.1%~6.7%和0.1%~6.4%。按上述方法检测草本植物饮料456批,检出阳性样品55批次,检出率为12.1%。该法简便快速、准确可靠,适用于草本植物饮料中28种成分的测定。     

Gas sensing performance of ion-exchanged Y zeolites as an impedimetric ammonia sensor

Zeolites are valuable chemical catalysts and excellent sorbents; several reports have used zeolites for chemical gas sensing. This article systematically investigates the gas sensing performance of ion-exchanged Y zeolites. The interactions between zeolites and ammonia can effectively improve their ionic conductivity, and the zeolites are explored as an impedimetric ammonia sensor. The sensor development was supported by a detailed interpretation of the ammonia-supported ionic conductivity, which was deduced from the measurements of temperature-programmed impedance over a wide temperature range and provides an understanding of the sensing parameters (e.g., temperature and concentration of ammonia). The elevated temperature accelerates the kinetics of the ammonia adsorption/desorption, but it reduces the adsorbing capacity of the zeolite. The thickness of the zeolite pellet is a key parameter for determining the detection limit. Ag-Y and H-Y have higher working temperatures than the alkali cation-exchanged Y zeolite. The excellent selectivity of Ag-Y and Na-Y indicates that they are good candidates as practical ammonia sensors.