A unique coplanar multi-center bonding network in doubly acetylide-bridged binuclear zirconocene complexes: A density functional theory study

A unique π-conjugative interaction pattern was experimentally revealed in the doubly acetylide-bridged binuclear group 4 metallocene complexes, which was involved in C-C coupling/cleavage reactions of acetylides and σ-alkynyl migrations. To elucidate how this multi-center bonding network affects the structural and reaction properties of these complexes, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular orbital (MO) analysis were carried out on the electronic structure and σ-alkynyl migration mechanisms of the doubly acetylide-bridged binuclear Zr complexes, (L₂Zr)₂(μ-CCH)₂ (L = Cp, Cl). The B3LYP calculations suggested that the doubly [σ,π] acetylide-bridged complex C_2h-(L₂Zr)₂(μ-CCH)₂ was produced by the reaction of L₂Zr(CCH)₂ with L₂Zr through a C_2v-(L₂Zr)₂(μ-CCH)₂ intermediate followed by an isomerization process. In particular, the isomerization of C_2h- or C_2v-(L₂Zr)₂(μ-CCH)₂ is almost thermoneutral through a low barrier of 15.3-17.0 kcal/mol. The MO Walsh diagram revealed that the two isomers have a very similar six-center-six-electron bonding network. The coplanar π-conjunctive interaction by the electron donating and back-donating interactions between the metal centers and acetylide ligands significantly stabilizes the doubly acetylide-bridged binuclear group 4 metallocene complexes and the isomerization transition state.     

异构化能量分解分析Ni2CO5的(18，18)与(18，16)构型竞争

本文研究了中性Ni₂CO₅配合物的势能图,发现一个C_2v双桥羰基新构型,与以前报道的三羰基桥联的D_3h构型竞争Ni₂CO₅的基态结构. 尽管三桥式异构体拥有更有利的(18,18)电子构型,即双金属中心都满足18电子规则,中性的Ni₂CO₅$配合物更倾向于(18,16)电子结构的双桥式几何. 异构化能量分解分析表明,这样的结构优选是静电作用和轨道相互作用极大化的结果.     

Construction of bicyclic systems containing an oxygen bridge by isomerization of cyclic epoxy alcohols

A novel method for constructing a 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane skeleton was developed. The substrates, namely cis-3,4-epoxy-1-cyclohexanol derivatives, were prepared from the corresponding 3-cyclohexen-1-ol derivatives via a stereoselective epoxidation reaction using a vanadium catalyst. Upon heating with lithium iodide in propionitrile, the cis-epoxy alcohol was transformed into the 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivative in high yield. The reaction proceeds through formation of a lithium alkoxide bearing an iodohydrin moiety, followed by an intramolecular S_N2 reaction.     

Highly-strained cyclophanes bearing both photo- and electro-active constituents

The synthesis of a highly-strained cyclophane comprising azobenzene and methyl viologen units was achieved by coupling 3,3′-dihydroxy-4,4′-bipyridine with azobenzoic acid in CH₂Cl₂. The molecular structure, determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, shows that the azobenzene NN unit adopts the trans conformation and that the bipyridinium unit is twisted. The cyclic voltammogram recorded for the target compound displays an irreversible wave at −0.37 V vs Ag/AgCl, associated with the one-electron reduction of the bipyridinium subunit. A further wave is seen at E_1/2 = −1.52 V versus Ag/AgCl and is assigned to one-electron reduction of the azobenzene group. Visible light illumination of the azobenzene chromophore in CH₃CN triggers trans to cis isomerization but the process is irreversible.     

最小双氢转移异构体系的精确量子动力学研究

本文对亚乙烯基-乙炔异构化过程开展了高精度量子动力学理论研究. 使用我们建立和发展的高效量子动力学理论方法,进行了大规模的并行计算,其中根据双氢转移的特征定制了高效的基函数. 计算得到了关于A''₁和B''₂对称性的亚乙烯基振动态以及离域态,并与最近的cryo-SEVI实验光谱进行了比对和分析. 计算所得能级与cryo-SEVI光谱实验值吻合很好,两者之间的差异或者与实验测量的误差大小类似,或者不大于30 cm^-1(与亚乙烯基剪形振动模式相关的振动态除外). 本文还揭示和报道了一种特殊的态,称之为异构态,其特征是在亚乙烯基和乙炔区域都有很大的几率分布. 本文首次报道了若干以亚乙烯基特征为主导的振动态,本文的研究将会有助于深入认识双氢转移过程.     

微乳液法制备Pt-S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3型固体超强酸催化剂及其异构化性能

采用微乳液法负载Pt制备了Pt-S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3(Pt-SZA-M)固体超强酸催化剂, 以正戊烷异构化反应为探针, 对比了微乳液法和浸渍法负载Pt制备的催化剂(Pt-SZA)的异构化性能, 并采用XRD, FTIR, BET, TG-DTA, TPR和TEM对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 与Pt-SZA催化剂相比, Pt-SZA-M催化剂中Pt粒子的粒径更小(4.5 nm)且尺寸更均一; Pt-SZA-M催化剂的比表面积(109.6 m2/g)比Pt-SZA催化剂(95.0 m2/g)增加了15.4%. Pt-SZA-M催化剂的初始还原温度比Pt-SZA催化剂降低了10~20℃, 表明微乳液法负载Pt可以提高催化剂的氧化活性, 提高氢分子在催化剂上的吸附解离能力. 异构化活性实验结果表明, 与Pt-SZA催化剂相比, Pt-SZA-M催化剂的低温活性得到明显改善, 在反应压力为2.0 MPa、 氢烃摩尔比为4: 1、 质量空速为1.0 h-1的条件下, Pt-SZA-M催化剂在反应温度为230℃时活性达到60.8%, 在100 h内异戊烷的收率可稳定在58.0%左右, 选择性在95.0%以上.     

Ce促进Ni/SAPO-11催化剂上正庚烷的临氢异构化

通过浸渍法制备了Ni/SAPO-11催化剂, 并进一步通过分步浸渍法制备了Ni-Ce /SAPO-11双金属催化剂, 对其晶相结构和表面酸性进行了表征. 实验结果表明, Ce的引入导致比表面积和孔容增大, 总酸量升高而酸强度降低, 金属Ni在载体SAPO-11表面的分散度提高. 通过对正庚烷的临氢异构化反应研究发现, 引入Ce可以显著提高异庚烷的选择性. 在n(H₂)/n(n-C₇H₁₆)=12, MHSV=3.52 h^-1, 催化剂量0.3 g, 反应温度300 ℃条件下, Ni-2%Ce/SAPO-11催化剂的正庚烷转化率可达25.4%, 异庚烷的选择性可达90.4%.     

Translational motion inside self-assembled encapsulation complexes

The motion of guests inside a cylindrical self-assembled host is studied through NMR techniques. Small molecules encapsulated alone, such as the gas molecules cyclopropane and butane, are found to exchange locations slowly but measurably on the NMR time scale using 2D techniques. These molecules can move past one another while still inside the capsule. When gases are coencapsulated with longer flexible molecules such as alkanes, less motion is apparent yet these can still slip by one another and folding of the alkanes also can be detected. Activation barriers for these processes are in the range of 15-17 kcal/mol.     

溶液中类锗烯H2GeClMgCl的结构与异构化反应

用密度泛函理论(DFT)和QCISD(quadratic configuration interaction with single and double excitations)方法研究了类锗烯H2GeClMgCl在气相和五种溶剂中的构型与异构化反应. 结果表明, 类锗烯H2GeClMgCl有三种平衡构型. 其中p-配合物型构型能量最低, 是其存在的主要构型. 讨论了溶剂效应对结构、能量与异构化反应的影响. 计算模拟了最稳定构型的红外光谱.     

One-pot synthesis of superacid catalytic material SO4/ZrO2-SiO2 with thermostable well-ordered mesoporous structure

A superacid mesostructured catalyst was directly synthesized by adding sulfuric acid to mesoporous zirconia-silica synthesis mixtures, and was characterized by HRTEM, XRD, UV-Vis, nitrogen sorption, NH₃-TPD, and Pyridine-FTIR. The XRD patterns and electron diffraction micrographs of the calcined samples showed the ordered mesoporous structure and tetragonal crystalline in frameworks. The ammonia TPD, pyridine in situ FTIR, and paraffin isomerization illustrated a new acidic property of the samples. The synthesis of the mesoporous materials, which have stable crystalline frameworks, high surface area, and strong acidity, is very likely to have important technological implications for catalytic reactions of large molecules.