稀土元素的摩擦学研究发展概况

本文对稀土元素的摩擦学研究发展概况作了综述与讨论,主要涉及的是稀土金属及稀土无机化合物和稀土配合物作为润滑油、脂及润滑涂层的添加剂的摩擦学特性,并对稀土无机化合物的高温润滑特性、稀土金属及其化合物在高温涂层中的应用作了简要讨论,最后还提出了稀土的摩擦学研究中当前值得注意的几个重要课题。     

非牛顿流体力学实验的开发

 介绍了在所研制的非牛顿流体力学实验装置上，进行的基础性-提高性-研究性实 验. 基础性实验包括爬杆、射流胀大、无管虹吸演示实验；提高性实验包括流变特性、出口 压力测试实验；在以非牛顿流体润滑脂为例的流变特性实验时，发现存在壁滑移，进行了存 在壁滑移时的流变特性和在管道流动中的壁滑移减阻研究性实验.     

纳米二氧化硅水溶胶成膜特性研究

研究了纳米SiO2水溶胶的固液二相流成膜特性．结果表明，水溶胶中的Si02固体颗粒的粒径及质量分数对粘度的影响较小，对成膜能力和承载能力的影响较大；在薄膜润滑阶段，固体颗粒的粒径和质量分数对润滑状态的稳定性具有一定的影响，随着速度的增加，液体膜厚度逐渐增大，固体颗粒对液体润滑膜稳定性及性能的影响逐渐减弱；在弹流润滑阶段，固体颗粒的影响很小。     

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic polymer microspheres with a core-shell structure

Non-porous magnetic polymer microspheres with a core-shell structure were prepared by a novel micro-suspension polymerization technique. A stable iron oxide ferrofluid was used to supply the magnetic core, and the polymeric shell was made of glycidyl methacrylate （GMA monomer） and ethylene dimethacrylate （cross-linker）. In the preparation, polyvinyl alcohol was used as the stabilizer, and a lauryl alcohol mixture as the dispersant. The influence of various conditions such as aqueous phase volume, GMA and initiator amounts, reaction time and stirring speed on the character of the microspheres was investigated. The magnetic microspheres were then characterized briefly. The results indicate that the microspheres with active epoxy groups had a narrow size distribution range from 1 to 10 μm with a volume-weighted mean diameter of 4.5 μm. The saturation magnetization reached 19.9 emu/g with little coercivity and remanence.     

MULTIPLE SCATTERING AND DYNAMIC STRESS ANALYSIS OF ELASTIC WAVES IN A FIBER—REINFORCED COMPOSITE WITH INTERFACES

Based on the theory of elastic dynamics, multiple scattering of elastic waves and dynamic stress concentrations in fiber-reinforced composite are studied. The analytical expressions of elastic waves in different regions are presented. The mode coefficients of elastic waves are determined in accordance with the continuous conditions of displacement and stress on the boundary of the multi-interfaces. By using the addition theorem of Hankel functions, the formula of scattered wave fields in different local coordinates are transformed into those in one local coordinate to determine the unknown coefficients and dynamic stress concentration factors (DSCFs). The influences of the distance between two inclusions, material properties and structural size on the DSCFs near the interfaces are analyzed. As examples, the numerical results of DSCFs near the interfaces for two kinds of fiber-reinforced composites are presented and discussed. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19972018)     

低应变速率下形状记忆合金的特性实验研究

形状记忆合金以其特有的形状记忆效应和超弹性,被广泛应用于医学、航空和建筑防震。在耗能性机构中,需要形状记忆合金能够在变速率条件下工作。为了获得非静态条件下的行为特性,比较静态和非静态条件下形状记忆合金的行为特性的差异,本文采用一种新的分析方法,即以形状记忆合金的特性参数为对象,来分析不同应变速率对形状记忆合金特性的影响。在不同的应变速率(0.0005/s,0.001/s,0.005/s,0.01/s,0.05/s,0.1/s)下,对50.8at%-Ni-Ti记忆合金丝的形状记忆效应和超弹性特性进行了实验研究。在低应变速率范围内,由实验结果得到:随应变速率增大,两种特性行为中的各纯相的杨氏模量保持不变;拉伸过程相变起始和终了临界应力会增大,卸载过程相变起始和终了临界应力会减小,滞后环面积增大;相变硬化系数在形状记忆效应行为中会增大,而在超弹性行为中基本不变。     

平面弹性力学问题的离散元法

根据离散元的基本原理,基于变形体的理论提出了适用于平面弹性力学问题的界面位移、应变和应力模式,建立了求解平面弹性力学问题的离散元方程和相应的迭代求解方法.通过界面位移可以简洁地将位移和力的边界条件引入离散系统的控制方程,也可以方便地求解节点位移.数值算例表明,与具有相同网格的有限元结果相比,离散元能同时给出精度相对较高的应力解和精度相当的位移解.     

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DYNAMICAL BEHAVIOR FOR AN IMPERFECT INCOMPRESSIBLE NEO-HOOKEAN SPHERICAL SHELL

IntroductionIn applications, it is commonly considered that the phenomena of cavity formation,growth and run-through of adjacent cavities occur in materials as precursors to failure. Thesephenomena are mainly due to instability of materials. On the other …     

欧拉流体力学数值方法中的界面计算

本文所提算法适用于二维和三维多介质流体力学两步欧拉数值方法中输运计算的混合网格(包括自由面网格)界面处理。在一个混合网格中，界面被近似地看作直线(二维)或平面(三维)。整个方法分为三步：(1)第一步，用混合网格周围的八个网格的介质面积份额(二维)或二十六个网格的介质体积份额(三维)确定界面的法线方向；第二步，用混合网格的本身的介质面积份额(二维)或体积份额(三维)确定界面的方程(位置)；第三步，用此直线方程求出通过网格边界的流以及下一时刻网格的面积份额(二维)或体积份额(三维)。最后给出了用此方法所做的一些数值计算及与SLIC算法的比较。     

纤维树脂界面剪切强度有纤维强度分布参数的实验测定

界面剪切强度及纤维强度分布参数是复合材料设计及研究中的重要参数，本文采用单纤维埋入法测定了上述两个参数。通过实验研究了单纤维段埋入法是一种测定界面剪切强度及纤维强度分布参数的有效的实验方法，同时证实了基休的力学性能对界面剪切强度有着重要的影响。全部实验在自制绵实验系统上的完成。