介孔Al2O3负载纳米Au催化剂用于低温催化氧化CO

 用不同模板剂合成了具有较高比表面积和较多表面碱性位的介孔Al2O3载体,并采用均相沉积-沉淀法制备了Al2O3负载纳米Au催化剂,对制备的介孔Al2O3载体及相应催化剂采用低温N2吸附法、TEM和XPS等手段进行了表征,考察了载体表面碱性对纳米Au粒子在载体表面的沉积及相应催化剂在CO氧化反应中催化性能的影响. 以CO2-TPD法测定载体表面碱性,结果表明,介孔氧化铝的表面碱性与其合成过程中所用的模板剂有关. 以表面碱性位较丰富的介孔Al2O3为载体制备的催化剂表面Au粒子分布较均匀且粒径(3.1～3.2 nm)较小,在CO完全氧化反应中催化活性最高,表明载体表面的碱性位有利于稳定其表面沉积的纳米Au粒子. XPS分析结果表明,催化剂表面的Au主要以Au0金属态形式存在,它在CO氧化反应中表现出较高的催化活性.     

光电图像光照不均蜕化的校正及阈值分割方法*

分析了CCD获取的图像光照不均蜕化产生原因.针对光照不均蜕化的印刷电路板图像的具体情况,用同态滤波器在频域空间进行滤波而增强图像,从而改善图像的目标与背景对比度.讨论了最大类间方差法,给出了其优点.为了更好的分割图像,在此基础上,考虑两类间距与各类内聚性对图像分割的不同影响,提出了一种改进的最大类间方差法.最后对光照不均蜕化的PCB光电图像用不同方法进行了实验,结果表明改进方法能更好地分割图像.     

Wronskian Form Solutions for a Variable Coefficient Kadomtsev–Petviashvili Equation

Starting from a simple transformation, and with the aid of symbolic computation, we establish the relation- ship between the solution of a generalized variable coefficient Kadomtsev-Petviashvili （vKP） equation and the solution of a system of linear partial differential equations. According to this relation, we obtain Wronskian form solutions of the vKP equation, and further present N-soliton-like solutions for some degenerated forms of the vKP equation. Moreover, we also discuss the influences of arbitrary constants on the soliton and N-soliton solutions of the KPII equation.     

海藻中的类胡萝卜素及其在食品等领域中的应用

论述了海藻中类胡萝卜素的性质、分类及其提取、分离的方法,分析了类胡萝卜素在食品等领域中的应用现状和前景,为其在食品等领域深层次的开发利用奠定基础．     

富勒烯在溶液和有机玻璃薄膜中的吸收光谱研究

利用在甲苯中溶解富勒烯与有机玻璃（ＰＭＭＡ）的方法，我们分别制得了掺Ｃ６０以及掺Ｃ７０有机玻璃薄膜．分别研究了Ｃ６０和Ｃ７０在溶液、有机玻璃薄膜两种不同状态下的吸收光谱，实验结果表明：有机玻璃这种固态环境对富勒烯的吸收特性影响很小，富勒烯在有机玻璃薄膜中的吸收曲线同在溶液状态时基本相同．Ｃ６０在有机玻璃薄膜中的吸收峰相对于溶液中峰位略有红移，但Ｃ７０的情况则刚好相反，它在前者的吸收峰相对于后者峰位蓝移，分析了产生这种现象的原因     

A single dual-mode gas sensor for early safety warning of Li-ion batteries: Micro-scale Li dendrite and electrolyte leakage

Li dendrites and electrolyte leakage are common causes of Li-ion battery failure. H₂, generated by Li dendrites, and electrolyte vapors have been regarded as gas markers of the early safety warning of Li-ion batteries. SnO₂-based gas sensors, widely used for a variety of applications, are promising for the early safety detection of Li-ion batteries, which are necessary and urgently required for the development of Li-ion battery systems. However, the traditional SnO₂ sensor, with a single signal, cannot demonstrate intelligent multi-gas recognition. Here, a single dual-mode (direct and alternating current modes) SnO₂ sensor demonstrates clear discrimination of electrolyte vapors and H₂, released in different states of Li-ion batteries, together with principal component analysis (PCA) analysis. This work provides insight into the intelligent technology of single gas sensors.     

Temporal response of laminated graded-bandgap GaAs-based photocathode with distributed Bragg reflection structure: Model and simulation

To describe the dynamic response characteristics of the laminated graded-bandgap GaAs-based photocathode with distributed Bragg reflection structure, a general theoretical temporal response model is deduced by combining the unsteady continuity equation and numerical calculation method. Through the model, the contribution of the distribution Bragg reflection structure and graded-bandgap emission layer to the temporal response are investigated. Meanwhile, the relationships between the temporal response characteristics of the laminated GaAs-based photocathode and different structural parameters are also analyzed, including average electron decay time, emission layer thickness, and incident light wavelength. It is found that the introduction of distribution Bragg reflection (DBR) layer solves the discrepancy between the absorption capability of the emission layer and the temporal response. Moreover, the distributed Bragg reflection layer can improve the time response by optimizing the initial photoelectron distribution. The improvement effect of the DBR layer on the temporal response is enhanced with the emission layer thickness decreasing or the incident light wavelength increasing. These results explain the effect of the DBR layer of the photocathode on the dynamic characteristics, which can offer a new insight into the dynamic research of GaAs-based photocathode.     

发动机气门—门座磨损失效机理实验研究

对发动机气门－门座的磨损失效进行了模拟实验研究,基于现代微观表面测试技术和摩擦学原理对气门－门座的磨损机理进行了探讨。研究结果表明：气门－门座接触表面的磨损失效是由于反复的弹、塑变形疲劳,亚表层的金属滑动、基体材料在高温下的蠕变滑动和腐蚀磨损等所致,这种失效呈片状疲劳裂纹和剥落特征。     

任意平面区域三角形网格的全自动生成算法

本文基于波前法提出了一种对任意平面区域生成三角形网格自动生成算法。算法具有区域适应性强,边界网格质量高,自动化程度高的优点。算法还包括了网格的拓扑优化,光滑及加密处理。此外,初边值条件的自动给定大大减少了数值计算中数据输入和避免了边界搜索计算。大量算例显示了算法的可靠性和适用性。     

土壤水分去除算法的田间原位光谱反演棉田有机质

田间原位可见-近红外光谱(VIS-NIR)能够有效的提高土壤属性的检测效率,但由于原位土壤中水分因素的影响,土壤属性的预测精度很难达到预期。如何有效去除土壤中的水分对土壤其他属性光谱预测的影响,是利用田间原位光谱高精度预测土壤属性所面临的难题,也是土壤光谱技术由室内转向田间的突破口。该问题的有效解决,可减除土壤样品的采集与室内预处理等过程,实现土壤属性的田间原位光谱测定。以新疆南部地区阿拉尔垦区十二团棉田为研究区,采用网格采样法共采集了116个0～20 cm深度的表层土壤样品,剔除1个异常值样品,得到115个有用样品,利用SR-3500型便携式地物光谱仪采集了231个样点的田间原位光谱数据,土样经风干、研磨和过筛等处理后测定其室内光谱和有机质含量。利用Kennard-Stone算法将115个土样分为69个转换子集及46个预测集,采用外部参数正交化法(EPO)、光谱直接转换法(DS)及光谱间接转换法(PDS)三种去除水分算法结合原位光谱反射率(R)、反射率一阶微分(R′)、反射率对数(LOG(R))以及反射率倒数(1/R)四种数学变换方式,运用随机森林(RF)模型进行不同组合模型的构建及精度评价。结果表明：(1)土壤有机质含量越高,土壤光谱反射率越低。土壤田间原位光谱反射率低于土壤室内光谱反射率;(2)室内光谱反射率与土壤有机质含量之间的相关性大于田间原位光谱,室内光谱经一阶微分变换后与土壤有机质含量之间的相关性显著提升。(3)土壤室内光谱反射率模型预测精度(R2=0.86, RPD=2.08, RMSE=1.55 g·kg-1, MAPE= 0.14)高于田间原位光谱反射率模型(R2=0.71, RPD=1.49, RMSE=2.17 g·kg-1, MAPE=0.20)。在去除水分算法模型中,以EPO一阶微分模型去除水分效果最好,决定系数R2由0.71提高到0.83,RPD由1.49提高到2.04,RMSE由2.17 g·kg-1降低至1.58 g·kg-1,MAPE由0.20降低至0.14。本研究实现了去除土壤水分因素的影响,提高了田间原位光谱预测土壤有机质的精度,为南疆棉田大尺度土壤有机质的预测及土壤肥力的评价提供了重要的参考。