Transmutation of nuclear wastes using photonuclear reactions triggered by Compton backscattering photons at the Shanghai laser electron gamma source

Based on the facility of the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS), the transmutation for nuclear wastes such as ¹³⁷Cs and ¹²⁹I is investigated. It is found that nuclear waste can be transmuted efficiently via photonuclear reaction triggered by gamma photons generated from Compton backscattering between CO₂ laser photons and 3.5 GeV electrons. The nuclear activities of ¹³⁷Cs and ¹²⁹I are evaluated and compared with the results of transmutation triggered by bremsstrahlung gamma photons driven by ultra intense laser. Due to the better character of gamma photon spectrum as well as the high brightness of gamma photons, the transmutation rate of Compton backscattering method is much higher than that of the bremsstrahlung method.     

Structure study of light unbound nuclei near drip line

Some experimental techniques and theoretical analysis on unbound nuclei structure study are briefly introduced in this article. The unbound nuclei structure investigation can inspect the reliability of theoretical calculation, and is also important to extend the modern nuclear structure model to exotic nuclear regions. With the recent development of radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) facility and some new experimental methods, the structure of unbound nuclei near drip line can be studied in experiment.     

原子核高K同质异能态的诱发γ辐射

介绍了原子核高K同质异能态潜在的应用价值及国内外研究的进展。 总结了形成同质异能态的3种主要物理机制。 说明了高K同质异能态的应用原理是将其激发到更高的不稳定的K混合态上, 再发生诱发退激, 形成γ瀑, 释放其存储的能量。 同时又介绍了K混合态的3种主要产生机制。 最后分析了178Hfm2诱发退变的实验, 讨论了这些实验的区别和与角动量投影壳模型计算结果的差异。The nuclear isomer states have great potential value of application. The important experimental and theoretical researches are presented here. There are three kinds of physics mechanism for the formation of the isomer states. The principle of releasing the energy stored in the isomer is to excite it to higher states, K mixing states, which can spontaneously decay to the ground state forming the γ cascade. After introducting the three ways to form the K mixing states, we analyzed experiments on the most prospective isomer 178Hfm2, discussed the key differences between these experiments and suggested that the Projected Shell Model (PSM) can be helpful to confirm the occurrence of the  K mixing states and would work out characteristics of the induced decay.     

高静水压力下Mohr–Coulomb准则的拓展研究

深部开采时极端环境下的岩体高应力和高地压是影响工程安全的主要因素。本文指出了Mohr–Coulomb准则（简称M–C准则）在高静水压力下无法判断岩石材料发生屈服破坏的问题,开展了岩样在高应力下的三轴压缩实验,观察了高静水压力下岩石材料的破坏现象,推导了高静水压力条件下M–C准则的拓展方程。研究结果显示,与现有M–C准则不同的是,材料剪切强度随轴压和围压之差增大到某一峰值时将逐渐减小,岩样在高静水压力下也可发生屈服破坏,M–C准则拓展方程与实验结果基本吻合。同时,本文探讨了低静水压力下M–C屈服面的下限和高静水压力下M–C屈服面的上限。研究成果可为深部工程的安全高效开展提供理论参考。     

TMSR白光中子源本底屏蔽设计

为了满足钍基熔盐堆对核数据的需求，中国科学院上海应用物理研究所自行设计并建造了紧凑型的15 MeV电子加速器驱动的白光中子源。电子直线加速器、中子产生靶以及探测器系统处于同一个实验大厅，中子/伽马射线本底较高，原有屏蔽并不能满足在低能区进行热中子物理实验测量的低中子本底需求。为了降低热中子本底，提高在热区的测量能力，需要对中子源进行局部屏蔽。根据调试运行经验以及模拟计算结果，分析了中子伽马射线本底的来源，利用MCNP5模拟计算了混凝土、铅、含硼聚乙烯对中子/伽马射线的屏蔽效果，优化设计了局部屏蔽方案。模拟计算结果显示，该屏蔽方案可将热中子本底降低三个量级，伽马本底降低两个量级。屏蔽后的实验测量结果表明，探测器处的有效热中子与本底热中子的比值达到约100:1，屏蔽效果显著，为后续在热中子能区顺利开展中子物理测量实验奠定了基础。     

猪肉粉中亚硝酸钠标准物质的研制

建立猪肉粉中亚硝酸钠标准物质研制的方法流程,对猪肉粉样品中的亚硝酸钠进行定值,并评价定值的不确定度.选择市售猪肉作为对照物质的基体加工原料,以冷冻干燥方式制备含亚硝酸钠的猪肉粉样品,采用盐酸萘乙二胺法进行处理.用紫外分光光度法测定猪肉粉样品中亚硝酸钠的含量,并对样品均匀性和稳定性进行检验.以8家实验室采用同一检测方法进...     

重尾数据的混合Erlang分布拟合方法

PH分布具有良好的解析性质,重尾数据的PH近似是随机模型分析中的重要课题.混合Erlang分布是一种常见的PH分布,本文利用EM方法给出了重尾数据的混合Erlang分布拟合算法,通过Matlab软件对两类常见重尾数据进行实验,结果令人满意.最后,文章对混合Erlang分布拟合算法的进一步改进做了总结.     

大学物理网络分级学习平台设计探讨

对大学物理网络分级训练互动学习平台整体结构进行设计,还对其开发环境及编程环境的选择作了说明,并对大学物理网络分级训练互动学习平台数据库设计进行了探讨.此平台可为大学物理无纸化教学奠定基础.     

Temperature dependent fission fragment distribution in the Langevin equation

The temperature dependent width of the fission fragment distributions was simulated in the Langevin equation by taking two-parameter exponential form of the fission fragment mass variance at scission point for each fission event. The result can reproduce experimental data well, and it permits to make reliable estimate for unmeasured product yields near symmetry fission.     

细长旋成体亚声速超大攻角非定常流动特性研究

空空导弹作为现代空战的主要攻击手段,要求比目标飞机更高的机动性和敏捷性.新型空空导弹在面对新一代飞机时必须具备全方位攻击能力,尤其对来自后方目标的威胁,则需要更高转弯率和更大机动包络线的航向反转机动等先进高效机动方法.为了保证高效机动的顺利完成,要求导弹在超大攻角(α=0° ～180°)范围内具有飞行和机动控制能力.以...