仿生材料电活性聚合物“人工肌肉”的研究进展

自古以来,自然界就是人类各种技术思想、工程原理及重大发明的源泉.20世纪中期,人们越来越深刻认识到大自然的启发对于开发新材料和新技术的重要性,从而提出仿生学概念并建立仿生学这一学科.随着研究的发展,仿生学已成为自然科学的一个前沿和焦点.进入21世纪以来,随着机器人开发的不断深入以及人们对智能机械系统的强烈需求,作为机器人和智能机械系统驱动关键的人工肌肉已成为仿生领域的研究重点.电活性聚合物驱动器具有应变高、柔软性好、质轻、无噪声等特点,与肌肉有着极为相似的特性,甚至在一些方面的性能已经超过了肌肉,被公认为是最合适的仿肌肉材料,称之为"人工肌肉".近二十年来,在电活性聚合物驱动材料方面取得的研究进展使得仿生的"人工肌肉"研究得以飞速发展.     

咪唑型离子液体对4–甲氧基甲苯的电氧化性能研究

通过紫外光谱研究了EMIMBF₄、BMIMBF₄、BMIMHSO₄和BMIMAc四种咪唑型离子液体(ILs)与4–甲氧基甲苯（p-MT）之间的相互作用,采用循环伏安法（CV）和计时电流法（CP）研究了p-MT在四种离子液体中的电化学氧化行为,探讨了咪唑型离子液体对反应的影响. 实验结果表明,在离子液体水溶液中p-MT的紫外光谱出现明显的红移,其溶剂分子和反应底物p-MT之间相互作用,这有利于p-MT产生相对稳定的激发态. p-MT在离子液体水溶液中的电氧化受扩散控制,且p-MT在EMIMBF₄水溶液中的扩散系数和电解产物的产率和选择性最佳.     

Correlation between Zero-Field Splitting and Site Distortions of Cr^3＋ Ions in NH4Cl：Cr^3＋ System： a Complete Energy Matrix Study

A theoretical method for investigating the inter-relation between the electronic and molecular structures of 3d^3 configuration ions in a tetragonal ligand field is established on the basis of the 120 × 120 complete energy matrices. Using this method, the local structure parameters of two tetragonal Cr^3＋ centers in the NH4 Cl：Cr^3＋ system are determined, Furthermore, the relations between the molecular symmetry and the ligand field symmetry are discussed.     

A density functional theory study on size-dependent structures, stabilities, and electronic properties of the bimetallic MnAgm (M=Na, Li; n+m ≤ 7) clusters

The equilibrium geometries, relative stabilities, and electronic properties of M_nAg_m (M=Na, Li; n+m≤ 7) as well as pure Ag_n, Na_n, Li_n (n≤ 7) clusters are systematically investigated by means of density functional theory. The optimized geometries reveal that for 2≤ n ≤ 7, there are significant similarities in geometry among pure Ag_n, Na_n, and Li_n clusters, and the transitions from planar to three-dimensional configurations occur at n=7, 7, and 6, respectively. In contrast, the first three-dimensional (3D) structures are observed at n+m=5 for both Na_nAg_m and Li_nAg_m cluters. When n+m ≥ 5, a striking feature is that the trigonal bipyramid becomes the main subunit of Li_nAg_m. Furthermore, dramatic odd-even alternative behaviours are obtained in the fragmentation energies, second-order difference energies, highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gaps, and chemical hardness for both pure and doped clusters. The analytic results exhibit that clusters with even electronic configuration (2, 4, 6) possess weakest chemical reactivity and more enhanced stability.     

β-环糊精及其衍生物对杀菌剂醚菌酯的分子识别作用的研究

农药通过与环糊精形成主客体包合物,可使其理化性质得到明显改善,因此研究环糊精对农药分子的识别作用具有重要的理论和实际意义。采用紫外-可见吸收光谱法研究了β-环糊精(β-CD),甲基-β-环糊精(RAMEB),羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)对杀菌剂醚菌酯的分子识别作用,并考察了温度及溶剂的极性对识别作用的影响,探讨了包合过程的驱动力和形成的包合物的可能结构。结果表明,他们与醚菌酯均可形成1∶1型包合物,在298.15 K时, 其结合常数值大小依次是K_HP-β-CD>K_β-CD>K_RAMEB,随着温度的升高, 包合物的稳定性逐渐降低,在温度≥303.15 K时,K_β-CD值最大。溶剂极性的改变可显著地影响结合常数值,随着溶剂极性的降低,结合常数值迅速降低。对包合物形成过程的热力学参数计算表明包合过程是一个自发的、放热的、体系自由能减少的过程。包合过程是焓驱动的,符合熵焓互补原则,推测氢键和疏水作用是识别反应的主要驱动力。本文研究结果为醚菌酯-β-环糊精包合物的应用提供了重要的信息。     

光谱法研究根皮苷与人血清白蛋白相互作用

在模拟生理条件下,采用荧光光谱、紫外光谱和同步荧光光谱法研究了根皮苷(Phlorizin)与人血清白蛋白(HSA)的相互作用。结果表明:根皮苷能使HSA发生内源荧光猝灭,属静态猝灭。在293、303 K和313 K下,根皮苷与HSA的结合常数分别为3.163 5×105、1.774 8×105、1.193 5×105L.mol-1,结合位点数n近似为1;热力学分析表明根皮苷与HSA间的结合力为氢键及范德华力;根据Frster非辐射能量转移理论求得二者结合距离为3.97 nm;同步荧光光谱表明根皮苷主要与HSA中的色氨酸残基发生相互作用,改变色氨酸周围的局部构象;金属离子的介入会影响根皮苷与HSA的结合能力。     

Topological structure effect on far-infrared spectra in a GaAs/InAs nanoring

On the basis of the growth mechanism of a GaAs/InAs nanoring, we propose a fine model which reflects the confinement details of real nanoring. Through calculations of the two-electron energy and far-infrared (FIR) spectra, we find that the ring topological structure and electron-electron interaction have great influence on the FIR spectra. The two unknown transition peaks in the experiment are determined theoretically. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experiments.     

Rotation of hydrogen molecules during the dissociative adsorption on the Mg(0001) surface: a first-principles study

Using first-principles calculations,we systematically study the potential energy surfaces and dissociation processes of the hydrogen molecule on the Mg(0001) surface.It is found that during the dissociative adsorption process with the minimum energy barrier,the hydrogen molecule first orients perpendicularly,and then rotates tobecome parallel to the surface.It is also found that the orientation of the hydrogen molecule in the transition state is neither perpendicular nor parallel to the surface.Most importantly,we find that the rotation causes a reduction of the calculated dissociation energy barrier for the hydrogen molecule.The underlying electronic mechanism for the rotation of the hydrogen molecule is also discussed in the paper.