纳米CuO的形貌控制合成及其性能研究

The CuO nanocrystals were prepared by quick-precipitation and hydrolysis method respectively, using Cu(Ac)₂ and NaOH as starting materials. The as-prepared CuO nanocrystals were characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy and BET. The catalysis of CuO nanocrystals of different morphologies on ammonium perchlorate decomposition was investigated by thermal analysis. Results indicated the variation in temperature for NaOH addition played an important role in the shape of the CuO nanocrystals in precipitation method. Well-dispersed spherical CuO nanocrystals with an average size of 6 nm could be obtained when NaOH was added at 100 ℃ and spindle-shaped CuO nanocrystals exceeding 100 nm in diameter were obtained when NaOH was added at room temperature. Needle-shaped CuO nanocrystals could be prepared by the hydrolysis method, and the presence of small amounts of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) could make needle-shaped CuO well dispersed. The catalytic activity of CuO nanocrystals of different morphologies on ammonium perchlorate decomposition was high. The 2% of spherical CuO nanocrystals could make higher decomposition temperature of ammonium perchlorate decreased to 102 ℃. The exothermic quantity of decomposition was from 590 J·g^-1 up to 1 420 J·g^-1.     

红磷中磷化氢的缓释研究

利用顶空气相色谱法和加速老化技术研究了工业红磷中微量杂质对磷化氢产生的影响以及减慢磷化氢产生的方法。混入抑制剂可以减慢磷化氢的释放速度,加入纳米氢氧化镁可大大减慢磷化氢的生成速度小于而使之04mg/(m3·d),而且红磷的分散性和流动性很好。     

利用气相色谱顶空装置测定红磷储存过程中生成的磷化氢

采用气相色谱法测定了高温加速老化的红磷生成的磷化氢,用外标法定量。该方法的检测限达到0.001 μg/L,加标回收率大于97%,其相对标准偏差为2.35%~6.52%。研究了微量水和铁离子等在红磷产生磷化氢过程中的作用,结果表明：水是工业红磷产生磷化氢的必要条件,它为红磷生成磷化氢提供质子氢;随着红磷样品中水分的增加,它的氧化反应速度加快,磷化氢的生成量增加;但当水分含量达到一定数值时,磷化氢的增长幅度减缓;微量的铁盐影响红磷的氧化反应,不同酸的铁盐对反应的影响效果不同;亚铁氰化钾对抑制含铁盐红磷样品产生