利用气相色谱顶空装置测定红磷储存过程中生成的磷化氢

采用气相色谱法测定了高温加速老化的红磷生成的磷化氢,用外标法定量。该方法的检测限达到0.001 μg/L,加标回收率大于97%,其相对标准偏差为2.35%~6.52%。研究了微量水和铁离子等在红磷产生磷化氢过程中的作用,结果表明：水是工业红磷产生磷化氢的必要条件,它为红磷生成磷化氢提供质子氢;随着红磷样品中水分的增加,它的氧化反应速度加快,磷化氢的生成量增加;但当水分含量达到一定数值时,磷化氢的增长幅度减缓;微量的铁盐影响红磷的氧化反应,不同酸的铁盐对反应的影响效果不同;亚铁氰化钾对抑制含铁盐红磷样品产生     

二元醇改性密胺甲醛树脂包覆红磷

用乙二醇和1,4-丁二醇对密胺甲醛树脂(MF)包覆红磷(MFRP)进行了化学改性,并对改性前后MFRP的磷化氢释放情况进行了比较。 在模拟材料加工条件下,纯红磷(RP)的磷化氢释放量为44.51 mg/L,MFRP磷化氢释放量降低到24.13 mg/L,而二元醇改性包覆红磷,磷化氢释放量降低到8.05 mg/L。 改性包覆效果显著。 用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)表征改性前后MFRP的结构,证实改性剂成功介入树脂结构中。 热重分析(TG/DTG)结果表明,改性后,MFRP的初始分解温度由未改性的264 ℃降到182 ℃,最大失重速率由11%/min下降到4.1%/min,800 ℃时,改性前后的MFRP残留量相同,均为11%。     

密胺树脂/硼酸锌双层包覆微胶囊化红磷的制备及其在阻燃聚烯烃中的应用

描述了采用密胺树脂和硼酸锌连续双层包覆微胶囊化红磷(MRP)的最新制备方法。采用红外光谱、电子能谱和透射电镜等分析手段对其进行了表征，并证实红磷已被完全包覆。实验数据表明：经包覆的MRP的热稳定性获得了明显改善，吸水率和磷化氢的发生量均大大减少。MRP作为阻燃助剂应用于聚烯烃阻燃材料表现出了良好的阻燃效果。实时红外和热失重测量以及扫描电镜观察表明：其阻燃机制是红磷受热时与树脂反应促进了含磷膨胀炭层的形成，从而提高了材料的热稳定性，碳层起到了隔氧、隔热作用，而且主要在凝聚相中发挥其阻燃作用。     

环境中磷化氢的源及厌氧条件下前体物类型的研究

研究了影响北京地区大气中磷化氢存在的一些因素,以及环境中产生磷化氢的前体物质的类型.　结果表明光照对磷化氢降解的影响比氧的更大.　测定了磷化氢在近地面的垂直分布.　向模拟的厌氧体系中添加鸡粪、骨粉、及大豆卵磷酯等含磷物质,可以引起体系磷化氢释放量的增加.　土壤及沉积物对磷化氢有吸附,这也是导致大气中磷化氢浓度极低的原因.     

热裂解气相色谱质谱法分析聚合物中红磷

采用单击热裂解(PY)模式和逸出气体分析(EGA)程序升温两种热裂解模式对红磷样品进行定性分析,利用气相色谱分离技术对红磷进行分离,根据红磷的特征质谱31,62,93,124及特征丰度比,质谱法分析不同材料中的红磷含量。单击热裂解模式下,材质和添加剂有可能对红磷造成干扰,改进后的EGA热裂解模式能排除红磷检测中材质和添加剂的干扰,并采用改进后的EGA裂解程序测定自制阳性样品中红磷的含量。结果表明:通过优化裂解温度和气相色谱条件可以有效改善红磷的分析结果,红磷质量浓度在100~500 mg/kg范围内具有良好线性,加标回收率在90.7%~97.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6%~2.3%,定量限为81.27 mg/kg。     

冷阱温度和激活电压对气相色谱分析痕量磷化氢的影响

磷化氢是一种有芥子气味的无色剧毒气体,磷化氢浓度在1．0～10μ/L内可使人眩晕、头疼、恶心、呕吐,当其浓度进一步增加时会导致肺水肿甚至昏迷死亡。常用的磷化氢分析方法主要有铝蓝比色法和气相色谱法,本实验室牛晓君等采用柱前两次低温冷阱富集和气相色谱／氮磷检测器联用技术（GC-NPD）分析了痕量磷化氢,在这一方法中,冷阱温度是影响磷化氢富集率的重要因素,检测器激活电压则是影响磷化氢响应值的重要因素。本文分别考察了这两个因素对磷化氢定量的影响。     

红磷/石墨复合材料的制备及电化学性能

研究了一种先通过机械球磨和水热法制得的亚微米红磷,再通过球磨亚微米红磷与石墨得到的块状亚微米红磷/石墨复合材料(smRP/G),并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、循环伏安法(CV)等手段其进行了表征。 相对比普通红磷,亚微米红磷更容易通过球磨与石墨复合,能有效提升石墨材料的储锂容量。 为红磷在锂离子电池负极材料上的应用提供了一种思路。 在少量添加红磷的条件下,当红磷质量分数为3%时smRP/G表现最佳(3%smRP/G)。 在100 mA/g电流密度下展示出了1417 mA·h/g的首次放电容量,首次库伦效率67.4%。 并在循环200圈后依然保持着700 mA·h/g的可逆循环容量。     

微胶囊化超细红磷的制备及其安定性研究

研究了用硝酸铝溶胶凝胶法制备微胶囊化超细红磷的工艺，通过着火点测试研究了包覆材料和包覆工艺以及影响包覆效果的因素，发现以5%氢氧化铝溶胶凝胶制备微胶囊化红磷在150 ℃左右真空干燥得到的样品安定性较好，XPS表明有95.3%的红磷被包覆，透射电镜显示形成一层均匀的包覆层，超细红磷的安定性得到了较大的提高。     

红磷烟幕的红外消光作用

红磷烟幕的红外消光作用;红外;烟幕;消光系数;红磷;吸收     

用潮解的红磷做实验

用潮解的红磷做实验,验证红磷潮解产物的一些性质,可以解答一个问题,即常温时,红磷在空气中能发生氧化还原反应吗?     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.