A PREDICTIVE APPROACH TO THE IN-PLANE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STITCHED COMPOSITE LAMINATES

This contribution attempts to model the alteration of the in-plane elastic properties in laminates caused by stitching,and to predict the in-plane effective tensile strength of the stitched composite laminates.The distortion of in-plane fibers is considered to be the main cause that affects the in-plane mechanical properties.A fiber distortion model is proposed to characterize the fiber misalignment and the fiber content concentration due to stitching.The undistorted region,the fiber distortion region,the resin-rich pocket and the through-thickness reinforcement section are taken into account.The fiber misalignment and inhomogeneous fiber content due to stitching have been formulated by introducing two parameters,the distortion width and maximum misalignment.It has been found that the ply stress concentration in stitched laminates is influenced by the two concurrent factors,the stitch hole and inhomogeneous fiber content.The stitch hole brings about the stress concentration whereas the higher fiber content at the local region induced by stitching restrains the local deformation of the composite.The model is used to predict the tensile strength of the [0/45/0/-45/90/45/0/-45]_(2s) T300/QY9512 composite laminate stitched by Kevlar 29 yarn with different stitching configurations,showing an acceptable agreement with experimental data.     

吊车压轨器强度的实验测试

宽厚板厂房的行车轨道在行车运行时承受来自行车水平导向轮的水平推力，该水平推力可能导致压轨器破坏，为确保压轨器的安全设计，采用平面光弹性、三维光弹性进行实验测试，分析在最不利工况下，各种压轨器所承担的水平推力份额，压轨器的变形和应力分布，给出强度分析评估，确定系统中各个压轨器以及固定螺栓的关键部位的应力水平。     

考虑畸变影响的箱梁横向弯矩计算方法

为研究偏心垂向荷载作用下梯形截面单室箱梁的横向弯矩,对框架分析法计算箱梁横向弯矩的方程进行优化,并在刚性支承法的基础上提出一种更加简单的横向弯矩计算方法;与框架分析法不同,横向弯矩可采用能量变分法求解,建立以箱梁顶板剪力差为未知量的四阶控制微分方程,采用比拟的弹性地基梁解法解出剪力差,得出梯形截面单室箱梁横向弯矩的能量变分法解。对几种箱梁横向弯矩计算方法用两个算例进行验证,结果表明,能量变分法解将箱梁底板上的弯矩误差绝对值由15.41%降到了9.68%;本文方法得出的横向弯矩结果和有限元结果吻合较好,弯矩误差绝对值最大不超过6.01%;本文方法和能量变分法可有效降低箱梁底板上的弯矩误差,计算精度得到提高。     

有限深水域中三维频域自由面格林函数及其导数的计算方法

三维频域自由面格林函数及其偏导数的数值计算是海洋结构物水动力分析的难点。本文对有限水深格林函数及其偏导数的数值算法作出两点改进：①对原函数的级数表达式进行变形,提出适用于数值计算的形式,解决高频率情况下级数解的计算失真问题;②对Gauss-Laguerre积分法作出改进,解决高频率大水深情况下积分解的数值溢出问题。计算结果表明：本文提出的改进算法可以有效提高有限水深格林函数及其偏导数的数值精度,对于研究较大吃水的浮体或潜体的高频垂荡问题具有重要意义。     

晶格畸变检测仪研究碳化硅晶片中位错缺陷分布

利用晶格畸变检测仪研究了SiC晶片位错分布情况,通过对熔融KOH腐蚀后的SiC晶片进行全片或局部扫描,从而得到完整SiC晶片或局部区域的位错分布。与LEXT OLS4000 3D激光共聚焦显微镜扫描腐蚀图进行比较,晶格畸变检测仪扫描腐蚀图可以将晶片上位错腐蚀坑信息完全呈现出来,且根据腐蚀坑呈现的颜色及尺寸大小,可以分辨出三种不同类型的穿透型位错,其中黑点腐蚀坑对应螺位错,小尺寸白点腐蚀坑对应刃位错,大尺寸白点腐蚀坑对应混合型位错。采用晶格畸变测试仪研究了4英寸(101.6 mm)N型4H-SiC晶体不同生长时期的位错密度及分布情况,结果表明随着晶体生长,位错密度呈现逐渐降低的趋势,生长后期晶片的总位错密度降为生长前期晶片总位错密度的近1/3,有利于反馈位错缺陷在SiC晶体生长过程中的延伸和转化特性信息,以指导SiC晶体生长工艺改进。     

Effects on the evolution of microstructure and properties of low-silicon cast aluminum alloys in service

ABSTRACT

The microstructure evolution and property change of four kinds of low silicon cast aluminum alloy exposed to heat for 0–50?h at 200°C were studied by means of Brinell hardness test, tensile property test, friction and wear property test and XRD analysis. The results show that with increasing thermal exposure time, the tensile strength of each group of samples decreased and the amount of wear increased. The tensile strength of samples with more Si content decreased slowly. When the time increased to 50?h, the increase of wear loss was the largest. The hardness of samples after thermal exposure increases compared with that before thermal exposure. The residual stress of (311) diffraction crystal surface of AlSi3.5Mg0.66 under different thermal exposure time was measured. The type of residual stress changed from residual tensile stress to residual compressive stress after thermal exposure. There is an abnormal phenomenon that the hardness of the sample increased and the amount of wear increased, and it is evident that the distribution of residual stress was inhomogeneous after thermal exposure. It is found that with increasing thermal exposure time to 50?h, the average lattice distortion ε of the low-index crystal plane and the high-index crystal plane in the aluminum alloys gradually increased.     

Flow dynamics analyses of pathophysiological liver lobules using porous media theory

Blood flow inside the liver plays a key role in hepatic functions, and abnormal hemodynamics are highly correlated with liver diseases. To date, the flow field in an elementary building block of the organ, the liver lobule, is difficult to determine experimentally in humans due to its complicated structure, with radially branched microvas-culature and the technical difficulties that derive from its geometric constraints. Here we established a set of 3D com-putational models for a liver lobule using porous media theory and analyzed its flow dynamics in normal, fibrotic, and cirrhotic lobules. Our simulations indicated that those approximations of ordinary flow in portal tracts (PTs) and the central vein, and of porous media flow in the sinusoidal network, were reasonable only for normal or fibrotic lobules. Models modified with high resistance in PTs and collateral vessels inside sinusoids were able to describe the flow fea-tures in cirrhotic lobules. Pressures, average velocities, and volume flow rates were profiled and the predictions compared well with experimental data. This study furthered our under-standing of the flow dynamics features of liver lobules and the differences among normal, fibrotic, and cirrhotic lobules.     

Distorted wave response of ultrasonic annular stator incorporating non-uniform geometry

The traveling wave ultrasonic stator is normally fabricated with teeth. The tooth geometry improves the driving speed, but it creates natural frequency splitting and mode contamination, especially a distorted traveling wave. A dynamic model of a stepped-plate periodic stator is developed to examine the distortion. The stator is treated as an annular supported by a thin mid plate, and the support stiffness is formulated by using equivalent energy principle. The effects of the tooth and mid plate on the natural frequency and vibration mode are examined by using the perturbation method. The rules governing the frequency splitting, frequency perturbation as well as mode contamination are also identified. The traveling wave response and elliptical trace on stator surface are obtained by using the mode superposition method and they are proved to be distorted due to the tooth geometry. The response at the repeated doublets becomes coupled forward and backward traveling waves, but that at the split doublets becomes coupled forward traveling, standing and backward traveling waves. The results indicate that the tooth mass instead of the stiffness decreases the vibration amplitude and driving speed of the dominant wave, but their effects are different at the repeated and split doublets. Inspection of the model implies that the distortion can be suppressed by using a suitable combination of the wavenumber, tooth count, tooth height and occupying fraction. Numerical calculations are carried out to demonstrate the tooth geometry effect on the transient waveform, driving speed and elliptical trace. The optimization of the tooth geometry that can help achieve a purer traveling wave is discussed.     

Effect of β-Nucleating Agent on the Crystallization,Mechanical Properties,and Heat Resistance of Injection-Molded Isotactic Polypropylene

Injection-molded β-isotactic polypropylene (β-iPP) was prepared with a commercial β-nucleating agent (NT-A). The effect of NT-A on the crystallization, mechanical properties, and heat resistance of β-iPP was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and mechanical and heat deflection tests. DSC and WAXD analysis showed that the content of β-crystals in the nucleated iPP was higher than that of pure iPP, and the content of β-crystals of the core was higher than that of the skin. PLM observations showed that injection-molded iPP had an obvious skin-core structure. NT-A induced abundant β-crystals and resulted in small spherulites which improved the Izod notched impact strength. When the content of NT-A was 0.075wt%, the Izod notched impact strength reached a maximum, 2.6 times more than that of pure iPP. The heat distortion temperature was also improved by NT-A.     

Quantum‐Chemical and Electrochemical Investigation of the Electrochemical Windows of Halogenated Carborate Anions

The range of electrochemical stability of a series of weakly coordinating halogenated (Hal=F, Cl, Br, I) 1‐carba‐closo‐dodecaborate anions, [1‐R‐CB₁₁X₅Y₆]^? (R=H, Me; X=H, Hal, Me; Y=Hal), has been established by using quantum chemical calculations and electrochemical methods. The structures of the neutral and dianionic radicals, as well as the anions, have been optimized by using DFT calculations at the PBE0/def2‐TZVPP level. The calculated structures are in good agreement with existing experimental data and with previous calculations. Their gas‐phase ionization energies and electron affinities were calculated based on their optimized structures and were compared with experimental (cyclic and square‐wave) voltammetry data. Electrochemical oxidation was performed in MeCN at room temperature and in liquid sulfur dioxide at lower temperatures. All of the anions show a very high resistance to the onset of oxidation (2.15–2.85 V versus Fc^0/+), with only a minor dependence of the oxidation potential on the different halogen substituents. In contrast, the reduction potentials in MeCN are strongly substituent dependent (?1.93 to ?3.32 V versus Fc^0/+). The calculated ionization energies and electron affinities correlate well with the experimental redox potentials, which provide important verification of the thermodynamic validity of the mostly irreversible redox processes that are observed for this series. The large electrochemical windows that are afforded by these anions indicate their suitability for electrochemical applications, for example, as supporting electrolytes.