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71.
Theoretical assessment of the errors involved in ultrasonic location and sizing of molten weld pools
Ultrasonic transit times may be used to locate the interface between molten weld metal and parent plate as a weld is formed. These transit times will lead to errors in interpretation of the location of the weld interface if account is not taken of the variation of ultrasonic velocity with temperature. We assess the magnitude of these errors using a theoretical model based on the Green's function to obtain the temperature distribution at any time and then convert the temperatures into elastic constants through empirical fits to high temperature data. A ray tracing method and a semi-analytical approach are used to estimate the effects of the changes in elastic constants on the ray paths and transit times. From these theoretical predictions we conclude that the location errors incurred by assuming ultrasonic velocities appropriate to cold metal are less than 0.5 mm for a 3.5 mm radius weld in austenitic steel or in iron. Experimental values tend to be larger than this, possibly suggesting that the solid-liquid interface is not as perfect as in the theoretical model. Under all of the conditions investigated, predicted errors are smaller with compression waves than with shear waves. 相似文献
72.
An aluminium hemicylindrical sample has been irradiated with an array of laser lines, with each line acting as a source of acoustic waves. Detection of the generated ultrasonic waves was performed using both a wide-band stabilized Michelson interferometer and a 20 MHz piezoelectric transducer. Experimental and theoretical results are presented which reveal that the use of a spatially modulated laser source produces significant narrow-banding of the detected ultrasound, compared with a single point or single line source case. Additionally, for a given line spacing, ultrasound of a particular frequency can be directed. Owing to the nature of the acoustic signals generated by each individual array element, superposition of several signals does not result in any energy directivity similar to that encountered in phase electromagnetic array antennas. While time or frequency feature enhancement may be obtained in a desired direction, in most cases the far field energy directivity pattern is simply the incoherent sum of the energy directivity of each array element. 相似文献
73.
Numerical simulations of partial elements excitation for hemispherical high-intensity focused ultrasound phased transducer 下载免费PDF全文
Yanqiu Zhang 《中国物理 B》2021,30(7):78704-078704
The hemispherical phased transducer maximizes the coverage of the skull and the ultrasonic energy per unit area of the skull is minimized, thereby reducing the risk of skull burns, but the transducer has a small focal area adjustment range, increasing the focal length of treatment is an urgent question for this type of transducer. In this paper, a three-dimensional high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) transcranial propagation model is established based on the human head structure. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) is combined with the Westervelt acoustic wave nonlinear propagation equation and Penne's biological heat conduction equation for numerical simulation of the sound pressure field and temperature field. Forming a treatable focal area in a small-opening hemispherical transducer with a small amount of numerical simulation calculation focusing at a set position to determine the minimum partial excitation area ratio of focusing. And then, applying these preliminary results to a large-opening diameter hemispherical transducer and the temperature field formed by it or full excitation is studied. The results show that the focus area with the excitation area ratio of less than 22% moves forward to the transducer side when the excitation sound is formed. When the excitation area ratio is greater than or equal to 23%, it focuses at the set position. In the case of partial incentives, using 23% of the partial array, the adjustable range of the treatable focal area formed in the three-dimensional space is larger than that of the full excitation. 相似文献
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75.
借助高速摄影和图像分析技术对首次发现的附壁气泡的绕圈现象进行了实验研究,重点研究游移气泡的运动轨迹、附壁气泡的布阵过程、气泡的来源以及气泡的振动细节.研究发现游移绕圈气泡的运动轨迹呈现出不稳定、不规则、不光滑的特点.阵列气泡源于游移气泡,而游移气泡变成阵列气泡的方式主要是通过合并增大体积,从而减小所受的Bjerknes力,降低活性的方式实现的.游移气泡源于ALF(acoustic lichtenberg figure)空化云中大量空泡的合并,使以径向振动为主的空泡逐渐过渡到以表面波动为主的气泡.阵列气泡在Bjerknes力的作用下呈现出规则的表面波动,而体积更小受力更大的游移空泡的表面完全失稳,呈现极不规则的形貌,并对附近阵列气泡的表面波动产生影响.阵列气泡呈现出十分规则的排布,相邻阵列气泡之间的振动相位是相反的,表现为相互排斥. 相似文献
76.
Daojin Zhou Jialun Tang Jiali Zhao Libing Liao 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2017,38(7):1030-1034
In this paper, effect of emulsification processes on the properties of Pickering emulsions stabilized by organomontmorillonites (OMts) was studied. Results of micro-morphology and X-ray diffraction showed that the structure of OMt in emulsion depended on the emulsification processes and had an effect on the stability of emulsion. We propose a schematic diagram to reveal the relationship between emulsification processes-OMt laminates structure-stability of Pickering emulsion. In emulsion prepared by ultrasonic, OMt showed uniform dispersion, loose structure, and irregular crystalline. In emulsion prepared by vortex mixing method, OMt illustrated stacking and coagulation structure. In emulsion prepared by microwave method, OMt showed interacting structure and had a little interaction with oil/water interface, and thus the properties of emulsion prepared by microwave was weakly related to oil/water ratios. Emulsification processes had a profound effect on the structure of OMt and stability of Pickering emulsion, which can be used as a trigger to prepare emulsion for various applications. 相似文献
77.
研究了多元线性阵列探测器的主频、阵元个数和阵元间距对探测器方向性的影响.实验结果表明,采用主频为2~5 MHz,阵元数为5~15,阵元间距为0.3~0.9 mm的多元线性阵列探测器,其方向性好,将有利于光声信号的探测与成像. 相似文献
78.
79.
超音速多普勒效应由于其不便于测量,基本停留在纯理论分析阶段,导致人们产生了一些错误的观点.本文通过逻辑分析、计算机软件模拟等手段,对超音速多普勒效应的音频时序进行了分析研究,找出了错误观点产生的原因,作出了相应的解释,并对错误观点进行了修正,提供了解决方案. 相似文献
80.