时域开槽天线阵列的接收特性

 利用自建的时域测量系统对接收阵元数不同、相邻阵元间距不同、阵元数相同接收方向不同的开槽天线阵列接收电场进行了测试。时域天线的时域波形、归一化能量方向图、归一化峰值方向图的分析结果表明：时域天线方向性具有时变性，与观察方向和时间段有关，接收波形峰值随主接收方向偏离主轴程度的增大而减小；阵列某一面的方向图仅与该面的阵元数及相邻阵元间距有关，与其它面的阵列无关；阵列单元越多，相邻单元间距越大，方向图波束越窄。     

V型纳米金球阵列天线侧向散射方向性的数值模拟

纳米天线侧向散射的方向性在生物感测以及表面增强光谱学等领域都有重要研究价值。侧向散射方向性的产生需要破坏纳米天线相对于平面波极化方向的镜像对称,由纳米粒子阵列构成的纳米天线排列灵活,易于实现非镜像对称结构。采用T-matrix方法对V型纳米金球阵列天线进行数值模拟,研究了其侧向散射的方向性,分别讨论了不同阵元数目构成的不同臂长、不同臂间开角、不同球形阵元半径、不同阵元球心间距对V型天线侧向散射方向性的影响。研究表明V型纳米阵列天线具有侧向散射方向性的可调性。     

固体中线性相控阵列的瞬态聚焦特性

针对线性相控阵列在固体介质中的声场聚焦特性及参数优化问题,该文给出了一个线性阵列的纵波瞬态聚焦声场模型.数值结果表明,当阵元被短时脉冲信号激励时,瞬态聚焦声场中不会形成栅瓣,突破了传统稳态理论模型中对阵元间距的限制;同时由于横纵波在聚焦区域内可完全分离,声束旁瓣的幅值也得到了抑制.其次,增大阵元间距能够显著提高聚焦性能...     

密集阵高功率微波空间功率合成

对基于矩形阵列的高功率微波二维密集阵阵列合成进行了研究。仿真分析了均匀矩形栅格阵列的远场方向图,结果表明采用密集阵可以实现高效的、具有确定主波束的空间功率合成。并分析了阵元间距及阵元初相位对阵列空间功率合成的影响,结果表明:阵元间距越小,栅瓣越少,主波束宽度越宽,具有确定主波束的临界距离越小;当目标高度超过阵临界距离时,阵元初相位相差越小合成效率越高,阵列初相位分布范围超过/2时,阵列得不到确定的主波束,进行阵列设计时应充分考虑阵元间距及初相位对阵列合成的影响。     

恒定束宽扬声器线阵列优化研究

为了保持恒定束宽扬声器(Constant beamwidth transducer,CBT)线阵列高频指向性恒定,解决单元间距过小的问题,减小阵元数目,提出了利用声波导代替扬声器单元,建立了波导CBT阵列的声场模型。基于数值计算结果和数据分析,比较了不同阵元数目的波导CBT阵列和CBT阵列的指向性和声场分布,讨论了有效辐射率和使用阵元数目的关系。通过提高有效辐射率可以有效降低CBT阵列所需阵元数目,解决了扬声器单元间距过小的问题。     

水下应用的电容式微机械超声换能器阵列设计

为提高用于水下成像的电容式微机械超声换能器的指向性,文中用ANSYS力电耦合分析法设计了工作频率为400 k Hz的收发一体传感器的结构参数并完成了实验验证。同时研究了阵列设计方法,分析了电容式微机械超声换能器阵列各参数对指向性的影响,完成了从微小敏感单元到阵列的设计,实现了阵列指向性的优化设计。该阵列为16阵元的线阵,阵元间距为1.925 mm,阵元宽度为1.82 mm。进行了水下指向性测试,实验表明该线阵的-3 dB主瓣宽度为5?,最大旁瓣级为-13.5 dB,对称性好。该设计是实现较远距离的探测,提高成像分辨率的前提。     

多元T型阵列探测器原理与性能

针对行波探测器阵列只合成多个光电二极管的输出功率而不能提高工作带宽的问题,提出了一种多元T型电路结构的阵列探测器.通过在各个光电二极管支路串联电容降低等效电容,减小结电容对探测器截止频率的影响,再用电感连接各个光电二极管支路构成T型滤波器电路结构,在合成多个光电二极管输出功率的同时增加了工作带宽.仿真结果表明,在光电二极管支路串联与光电二极管结电容相等大小的电容时,四元T型阵列探测器相比四元行波探测器阵列输出功率减少了一半,但工作带宽提高了一倍,而相比于传统探测器则在输出功率和工作带宽上都提高了一倍,此外八元T型阵列探测器与四元行波探测器阵列输出功率相同,工作带宽提高了一倍.     

基于多元线性阵列探测器的快速光声层析成像

报道了一种基于相控聚焦的多元线性阵列探测器进行快速光声层析成像的方法和装置,并实现了模拟组织的光声层析成像。实验中采用波长为532nm脉宽为7ns的倍频Q-YAG激光器作为激发光源。多元线性阵列探测器由320个振元组成,采用相控聚焦的方法成像,每次由11个振群的探测器接受信号并合并1路,一幅图像由64路这样的信号组成。实验结果能够正确反映样品中的光学吸收分布。与现有的方法比较,本系统具有快速方便的特点,它有望成为一种组织功能在体成像的新方法,发展成为一种低成本的实用的临床诊断装置。     

缝隙八木纳米天线设计及宽波段吸收特性

针对传统光伏电池能量收集易受环境与光照时间限制的问题,本文设计了一种用于太阳能收集的缝隙八木纳米天线单元及阵列.采用时域有限差分法分析缝隙间距对纳米天线远场方向性和近场分布的影响,并研究缝隙八木纳米天线阵列的吸收特性及不同缝隙间距对阵列天线吸收率的影响.研究远场方向性发现,当缝隙间距增加到一定距离时,天线方向图出现多个副瓣并产生新的辐射模式;通过对近场分析表明,新辐射模式的产生来源于高阶模式的局域表面等离激元.天线阵列吸收率的仿真结果表明:在400~1 500nm波段,随着缝隙间距的增加,缝隙八木纳米天线阵列吸收率呈上升趋势,当缝隙间距等于80nm时,在400~660nm、760~1 300nm两个波段内吸收率较高,吸收峰值最大可以达到98%;以吸收率大于50%为基准,当缝隙间距等于80nm时,其吸收波段最宽.     

成像深度对光声层析成像的影响

为了研究不同成像深度对光声层析成像质量的影响,利用多元线性阵列探测器在有限方位进行探测成像。由仿真和实验结果表明,吸收体离探测器越近,其成像效果较好,当多元线性阵列探测器的尺寸与成像深度比小于1时,重建图像畸变明显。在这种情况下,采用旋转扫描探测,其成像效果明显提高。该研究结果对光声层析成像扫描轨迹的设计、成像效果评估具有较好的参考价值。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.