换种方法理解多普勒效应

多普勒效应是由于波源或观察者的相对运动致使观察者接收到的频率与波源的频率不同的现象.多普勒效应有很多实际的应用,然而无论是新老教材,多普勒效应一节的教学仅停留在实验演示及规律的文字性表述上,不少师生对多普勒效应的理     

多普勒效应的最简规律

当波源与观测者之间存在相对运动时,观测者观测到的频率与波源发射波的频率不同,这种现象就是多普勒效应.引起多普勒效应的根本原因在于波源与观测者之间存在相对运动.在低速传播的机     

多普勒效应

本文介绍一种测定声多普勒频率的实验方法。原理:当声源相对于媒质为静止时,在观测者又与媒质有相对运动的条件下,由于多普勒效应,观测者接收到的频率ν与声源的频率ν,有如下关系。     

基于Matlab语言仿真声波多普勒效应的研究

1.多普勒效应的概念多普勒效应是奥地利物理学家、数学家克里斯琴·约翰·多普勒于1842年首先提出的。由于波源和观察者之间有相对运动,使观察者感到频率变化的现象叫做多普勒效应.2.多普勒效应的基本原理根据声波的多普勒效应公式,当声源与接收器     

光多普勒效应及应用

 一、光多普勒效应的物理原理当光源和接收器之间有相对运动的时候,接收器受到的光波频率不等于光源的频率,这就是光学的多普勒效应或电磁波的多普勒效应。因为光是一种高速运动的物质,并且其传播不需要介质,因此光多普勒效应与声多普勒效应有本质的区别。下面按相对论的观点对光多普勒效应进行分析。图1光多普勒效应参照图1,设接收器R固定在惯性坐标系K中的O点,单色光源S固定在另一惯性坐标系K′中,K′系相对于K系沿x轴以速度u运动,光源s位于y′轴上某点,速度u和接收器R到光源s的连线夹角为θ,而θ角会随时间的改变而变化。     

对多普勒效应验证实验仪器的改进

声源与接收器之间存在相对运动就会发生多普勒效应。目前，许多高校物理实验室使用的多普勒效应验证仪器只能验证接收器和声源在一条直线上时，接收频率与接收器运动速度的关系，对于声源运动以及相对运动与二者连线存在角度等情况还不能验证。因此，为了全面验证多普勒效应，在原装置的基础上进行了一定程度的改进，新的实验装置可以弥补原实验装置的不足。通过对实验数据的处理分析，计算出声速的相对误差在3%左右，验证了本实验装置的可靠性。     

多普勒和多普勒效应的起源

介绍了奥地利物理学家多普勒的生平，回顾了多普勒对波源和观测者之间有相对运动时接收到的波频率改变的效应即多普勒效应的最初论述，以及人们早期对多普勒效应在声学、天文学及光学领域的实验验证情况．论述了多普勒效应的历史作用和纪念多普勒的现实意义．     

基于多普勒效应的水波特性实验装置的设计

设计了一种基于多普勒效应的水波特性实验装置,在频闪光源照射下,通过毛玻璃屏,可直接观察多普勒效应的现象,通过设计的光电检测装置测量出水波的频率及频率的变化情况,实现水波多普勒频移的数字化测量.当波源位置固定,波源以一定频率振动,根据多普勒效应,通过实时测量多普勒频率,测量出探头的速度,进而推算出水波波速.该装置有利于多普勒效应的水波特性研究,直观演示了多普勒频移现象.     

多普勒效应及其应用

生活中会有这样的经验：火车急速离去时,汽笛声调会低沉下去;而迎面驶来,声调则变高,这种现象物理上称之为多普勒效应,它是波动现象特有的规律． 简言之,多普勒效应可以这样表述：当波源和观察者存在相对运动时,观察者接收到的波的频率会偏离波动本来的频率,相向运动,频率就升高;相背运动,频率则降低,而且相对运动速度越大,这种频率偏移也越大,电磁波,机械波都会产生多普勒效应,下面是准确的表示公式． 对于机械波,设波动的传播速度为ｕ,波动的固有频率为ｆ．当波源以速度ｖ相对观察者运动时,则接收者接收到波的频率ｆ会…     

基于相对性原理的多普勒效应公式推导

“大学物理”旨在向学生传递“联系”与“统一”的思想,但众多的教材在推导多普勒效应公式时却没有深入探寻“相对运动”与“频率变化”之间的联系和统一.作者从波长的定义着手,基于相对性原理,应用伽利略变换式对机械波的多普勒效应公式进行推导和应用验证;采用洛伦兹变化式对电磁波的多普勒效应公式进行推导.通过推导机械波和电磁波的多普勒效应公式,揭示了多普勒效应的频率变化实际是在不同惯性系中的测量结果.     

多普勒效应测量声速实验的设计

介绍了设计性实验"多普勒效应测量声速."该实验要求学生理解多普勒效应测量声速的原理,利用气垫导轨实验和声速的测定实验仪器,设计出一套多普勒效应测量声速的实验装置,并利用该实验装置测量声速.     

Design of new seismometer based on laser Doppler effect

In order to improve the resolution of seismic acquisition, a new seismic acquisition system based on tangential laser Doppler effect with an optimized differential optical configuration is proposed. The relative movement of the inertia object and the immobile frame is measured by laser Doppler effect, which can avoid the electromagnetic and thermometric interference, and the adoption of frequency-modulated (FM)transmission can improve the ability of anti-jamming. The frequency bandwidth is properly determined by analyzing the frequency of the Doppler signal. The velocity, displacement, acceleration, and frequency to be measured can be real-time acquired by frequency/velocity (F/V) converting the FM Doppler signal.A 100-dB dynamic range and the linear frequency range of 1.0 to 1000 Hz are realized.     

Untersuchung von run-away-Elektronen im Neutralgas

The theory of run-away electrons is applied to a special device, where electrons of a given initial velocity move in a neutral gas through a homogeneous electric field. The average velocity of the electrons as a function of the space coordinate for different initial velocities and relative electric fieldsE/p is calculated. In an experimental investigation of this case the velocity distribution of the electrons after their passage of the field space for different initial velocities and relative fieldsE/p is analyzed. Within the range of experimental errors the measured average velocities agree with the calculated ones. On the basis of these experimental velocity distributions the runaway effect at large initial velocities but medium electric fields can be demonstrated.     

An optical rotation sensor based on dispersive slow-light medium

Slow light supported by electromagnetically induced transparency effect in dispersive medium is extremely susceptible with respect to Doppler detuning.In this paper,the Doppler effect induced by rotating dispersive medium was considered and the effect of the velocity of rotating dispersive medium on the group velocity was studied.Based on a dispersive slow-light medium,a high sensitive optical rotation sensor for measuring absolute rotation is proposed and analysed.The sensitivity of the rotation sensor is the group delay between the counterpropagationed wave packets in the device,and scales directly with square of the group index which can reach 10 2-10 8 orders of magnitude by selecting a proper dispersive medium.     

摆动式声多普勒效应实验仪

针对现有的声多普勒效应实验装置中存在的问题,设计并制作了摆动式声多普勒效应实验仪.该仪器能够分别进行声源运动和观察者运动的声多普勒效应实验,且可定量分析频偏和测量速度.本文详细介绍了该仪器的原理、构造、特点和实验过程,并对实验结果进行了较为全面的分析.     

Experimental study of the Doppler shift generated by a vibrating scatterer

We report an experimental study of the backscattering of a sound wave of frequency f by a surface vibrating harmonically at frequency F (F < f) and amplitude A in the regime where the Doppler effect overcomes bulk nonlinear effects. When the duration to of the analyzed time series of the scattered wave is small compared to the vibration period, the power spectrum of the backscattered wave is proportional to the probability density function of the scatterer velocity, which presents two peaks shifted from f by roughly 2fAomega/c (omega = 2piF). On the contrary, when t0 > F(-1), sidebands at frequencies f +/- nF (n integer) appear in the power spectrum, which are due to the phase modulation of the backscattered wave induced by its reflection on a moving boundary. We use the backscattered power spectrum to validate the phase modulation theory of the Doppler effect in the latter case for 2kA < 1 and 2kA approximately > 1 (k = 2pif/c, where c is the wave velocity) and we test the validity of an acoustic nonintrusive estimator of A as a function of power spectrum bandwidth and of A itself.     

小波分析在激光多普勒信号处理中的应用

 提出将激光多普勒测速仪(LDV)应用于车载惯性导航系统中,阐述了激光多普勒自身速度仪的基本原理和小波变换的相关理论,并运用小波变换对多普勒信号进行检测、去噪及提取多普勒频率,仿真及实验结果表明：信号进行小波分解后,对每一级小波进行阈值处理,得到了较好的去噪效果;在小波降噪常见的阈值原则中,无偏似然估计阈值和极值阈值不容易丢失信号中的有用成分,而启发式阈值原则和固定阈值原则可以更有效地去除噪声;对于提取多普勒频率而言,小波变换与快速傅里叶变换所得的结果是一致的,而小波变换不但可以求出系统自身的运动速度,而且还可以求出对应速度发生的时刻。     

Experimental study of the effects of pulsed Doppler sample volume size and position on the Doppler spectrum

With a pulsed Doppler system, the recorded Doppler spectrum is expected to vary depending upon the sample volume size relative to the diameter of the vessel, the position of the sample volume in the vessel and the velocity profile. In the in vitro experiments described in this paper, the velocity profile was kept constant by using steady parabolic flow in a flow model. As the Doppler sample volume size and position were changed, the maximum variations of quantitative measurements from the Doppler spectrum were determined. The maximum, mean and mode frequencies and spectral broadening index (SBI) were affected by the position of the sample volume but to a lesser degree by its length (1.5-5.0 mm) relative to the 9.5 mm beam path length across the tube. When the centre of the Doppler sample volume was moved within the central 25% of the tube, the maximum variations were as follows: maximum frequency 3-5%, mean frequency 8-9%, mode frequency 8-9% and SBI 16-18%, where the range indicates the effect of increasing the sample volume size. Based on these results obtained under steady flow conditions in vitro, it is concluded that quantification of pulsed Doppler spectra may be feasible if the sample volume is positioned within the central 25% of the vessel.     

采用多量子阱光折变器件的新型相干光通信接收方案探索

探索一种采用多量子阱光折变器件的新型相干空间光通信接收方案,和传统的差拍方案相比,可以省掉繁琐的中频跟踪电子学系统,并对大气光通信传输常见的波面畸变、偏振面无规律变化及多普勒频移等干扰有所抑制。也报道该方案零拍接收以及器件性能研究的实验结果。     

利用双光栅的多普勒频移测速度

衍射光的多普勒频移是与光栅运动速度有关的量.激光束依次通过动光栅、静光栅衍射,然后使1对光频不同、彼此平行又能部分重叠的衍射光束通过硅光电池进行光电转换,得到的信号电流的频率等于多普勒频移.信号电流经I/V转换、f/V转换和A/D转换后,由单片机测出电压,由此就可以确定动光栅的运动速度.最后对利用双光栅的多普勒频移测气垫导轨上滑块的速度进行分析和讨论.