全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11563篇 |
免费 | 1389篇 |
国内免费 | 474篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 6065篇 |
晶体学 | 552篇 |
力学 | 399篇 |
综合类 | 61篇 |
数学 | 942篇 |
物理学 | 5407篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 68篇 |
2022年 | 124篇 |
2021年 | 183篇 |
2020年 | 239篇 |
2019年 | 230篇 |
2018年 | 217篇 |
2017年 | 233篇 |
2016年 | 414篇 |
2015年 | 368篇 |
2014年 | 480篇 |
2013年 | 961篇 |
2012年 | 564篇 |
2011年 | 744篇 |
2010年 | 676篇 |
2009年 | 775篇 |
2008年 | 778篇 |
2007年 | 897篇 |
2006年 | 831篇 |
2005年 | 616篇 |
2004年 | 637篇 |
2003年 | 537篇 |
2002年 | 455篇 |
2001年 | 377篇 |
2000年 | 337篇 |
1999年 | 273篇 |
1998年 | 255篇 |
1997年 | 189篇 |
1996年 | 154篇 |
1995年 | 146篇 |
1994年 | 142篇 |
1993年 | 92篇 |
1992年 | 82篇 |
1991年 | 55篇 |
1990年 | 46篇 |
1989年 | 41篇 |
1988年 | 41篇 |
1987年 | 21篇 |
1986年 | 24篇 |
1985年 | 23篇 |
1984年 | 20篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
The impact of fabrication errors on a planar waveguide demultiplexer is analyzed based on an analytical method. The explicit
expression of the transfer function taking into account phase and amplitude errors is presented in order to analyze the loss
and crosstalk of the demultiplexer caused by fabrication errors. A basic requirement for the demultiplexer with a certain
crosstalk criterion can be easily obtained. Using an etched diffraction grating demultiplexer as an example, it is shown that
the analytical results have a good agreement with results from a numerical method. 相似文献
52.
用过氧聚钨酸(PPTA)水溶液,通过离心涂膜法在显微镜载玻片上制备了具有光滑表面且厚度为100nm的PPTA薄膜,利用PPTA薄膜在紫外光照下可研制光栅以及其它光学元件的薄膜材料,具有很高的利用价值。 相似文献
53.
对Sn-C60薄膜进行紫外可见光吸收,X-射线衍射和扫描电镜的测定结果显示,薄膜样品紫外可见光吸收的两个短波段吸收峰比纯C60薄膜的吸收峰显著下降,说明Sn-C60薄膜的电子光吸收跃迁为间接跃迁,能带中有杂质能级的存在;样品的X射线衍射峰则对应于面心立方结构;扫描电镜结果显示薄膜为纳米级颗粒组成。 相似文献
54.
Ying Zhang Gang Hu Shigang Chen H.A. Cerdeira 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2002,27(3):381-384
A method of controlling global stochasticity in Hamiltonian systems by applying nonlinear perturbation is proposed. With the
well-known standard map we demonstrate that this control method can convert global stochasticity into regular motion in a
wide chaotic region for arbitrary initial condition, in which the control signal remains very weak after a few kicks. The
system in which chaos has been controlled approximates to the original Hamiltonian system, and this approach appears robust
against small external noise. The mechanism underlying this high control efficiency is intuitively explained.
Received 15 January 2002 Published online 6 June 2002 相似文献
55.
Eremenko L. T. Oreshko G. V. Nesterenko D. A. Lagodzinskaya G. V. Eremenko I. L. 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2002,51(1):157-159
The reactions of ethylene glycol mononitrate and glycerol 1,3-dinitrate with methylphosphonic dichloride afforded new nitroxyalkyl methylphosphonates. 相似文献
56.
A. Ulyanenkov 《Applied Surface Science》2006,253(1):106-111
Several novel methods for evaluation and interpretation of X-ray data from modern nanostructures are presented along with their applications. The background of methods and their relations to fundamental problems of X-ray analysis is shortly described. The key features of LEPTOS software, which is designed for the analysis of X-ray data measured with various geometries and setups and implements all discussed techniques, are discussed. 相似文献
57.
58.
W. Gao M. Li R. Klie E.I. Altman 《Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena》2006,150(2-3):136-149
Oxide catalysts are frequently used to convert toxic species to environmentally benign molecules, and to prevent the formation of toxic species in the first place. In this paper, growth and characterization of model oxide systems employed in both approaches is discussed. An example of the former approach is the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO emitted from power plants by NH3, which employs tungsten and vanadium oxides supported on the anatase polymorph of TiO2. To model SCR catalysts, epitaxial titanium, vanadium and tungsten oxide films were grown using molecular beam epitaxy and magnetron sputtering. Two different anatase orientations were grown on LaAlO3 substrates and their interactions with vanadia were characterized. On LaAlO3 (0 0 1), anatase exposed a (4 × 1) reconstructed (0 0 1) surface. Vanadia lifted the reconstruction and at 1 ML a (1 × 1) surface with mostly V5+ was observed. Continued V2O5 growth led to loss of order, but at high temperatures epitaxial VO2 could be grown; vanadia behaved similarly on anatase films on LaAlO3 (1 1 0). Results suggested that the monolayer is pseudomorphic with O adsorption oxidizing the surface V to 5+, since the anatase structure cannot accommodate more bulk oxygen, only a monolayer can be pseudomorphic and have only V5+. Thus the vanadia monolayer has unique structural and chemical properties that can help explain why vanadia monolayers on TiO2 are much more active than bulk V2O5. For WO3, a series of added row reconstructions were observed as the epitaxial films were reduced. The effect of these structures on surface chemistry was characterized by studying 1-propanol adsorption. The results indicated that the structure of the WO3 surface did not alter its catalytic function but had a strong effect on reaction kinetics. As an example of a system where catalysts prevent the formation of toxic species, the reactivity of oxidized Pd surfaces used in CH4 catalytic combustion were studied. An ordered PdO-like monolayer was found to be less reactive towards CO than adsorbed O on Pd. On the other hand, the PdO layer favored a lower activation energy C3H6 oxidation pathway. The results indicated that Pd oxidation reduces the sticking coefficient of reactive species but once molecules adsorb, the oxide surface can reduce the activation energy for subsequent reaction. 相似文献
59.
R. Thomas conjectured, 20 years ago, that the presence of a positive circuit in the interaction graph of a dynamical system is a necessary condition for the presence of several stable states. Recently, E. Remy et al. stated and proved the conjecture for Boolean dynamical systems. Using a similar approach, we generalize the result to discrete dynamical systems, and by focusing on the asynchronous dynamics that R. Thomas used in the course of his analysis of genetic networks, we obtain a more general variant of R. Thomas’ conjecture. In this way, we get a necessary condition for genetic networks to lead to differentiation. 相似文献
60.
We report spectroscopic characterization of epitaxial YBCO thin films grown on LaAlO3 by pulsed laser deposition. Raman spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry were used for film characterization and the results were correlated with X-ray diffraction measurements. The mentioned techniques allowed us to analyze crystallographic, micro-structural, and morphological properties of YBCO thin films. We also demonstrated that relatively low resolution Raman spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry are reliable techniques for a rapid and non-destructive characterization of epitaxial YBCO thin films. 相似文献