Synthesis of pyrido[3,4-<Emphasis Type="Italic">d</Emphasis>]pyrimidines by condensation of ethyl 1-benzyl-3-oxopiperidine-4-carboxylate with morpholine-4-carboxamidine

A method has been developed for the synthesis of 4-amino-substituted 7-benzyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidines by condensation of ethyl 1-benzyl-3-oxopiperidine-4-carboxylate with morpholine-4-carboxamidine and subsequent reaction of the 7-benzyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride and secondary amines. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 762–768, May, 2007.     

Modified coumarins. 14. Synthesis of 7-hydroxy-[4,3′]dichromenyl-2,2′-dione derivatives

New derivatives of 3-(2-oxochromen-4-yl)chromen-2-one, modified analogs of natural dicoumarins, were prepared from substituted coumarin-4-acetic acids.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 358–365, September–October, 2004.     

Synthesis and Reactions of Polyhedral Compounds. 27. Development of a Synthetic Route for 2- Spiro-substituted 6-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethyl-1,3-diazaadamantanes

Alternative methods for the synthesis of 2-spiro-substituted 6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethyl-1,3-diazaadamantanes have been developed. These are the reduction of the ketone group to hydroxyl in the corresponding 6-oxo-1,3-diazaadamantanes and the condensation of 9-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (obtained by different routes from 5,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-1,3-diazaadamantane) in reaction with cyclic ketones.     

Twisted amides: X-ray crystallographic and theoretical study of two acylated glycolurils with aromatic substituents

X-ray crystallography and theoretical analysis were applied to explore the molecular basis for the efficient and selective Claisen-like condensations of diacylglycolurils. The crystal structures of 1-acetyl-6-benzoyl-3,4,7,8-tetramethylglycoluril (4b), and of 1-(3′-oxo-3′-phenylpropionyl)-3,4,7,8-tetramethylglycoluril (5b), the product of base-promoted intramolecular condensation of 4b, were obtained by X-ray diffraction. The acetyl (Ac) group in 4b is essentially coplanar with the attached tetrahydroimidazolone ring of the glycoluril core (τ=7°), while the benzoyl (Bz) group is twisted by τ=45° relative to a plane through the ring to which it is bonded. Product 5b contains a flat amide (τ=7°). Ab initio energy optimizations of the experimental structures for 4b and 5b give optimized geometries which are not dramatically altered, suggesting that crystal packing effects are small. An atoms-in-molecules study of the delocalization of the Fermi hole reveals that electrons in the Bz C=O group of 4b are delocalized into the phenyl ring as well as into the urea moiety of the glycoluril core. This effect stabilizes the Bz over the Ac carbonyl group, and accounts for selective twisting of the Bz group. The Laplacian of the electron density reveals a non-bonded valence shell charge concentration at O of the Ac group, corresponding to a lone-pair region, aligned with a charge depletion in the valence shell of the Bz C=O carbon [(C15–O16C18)=113°]. The angle of approach [(O16C18=O19)] is 100°, equal to the angle for ideal nucleophilic attack on a carbonyl group. Oxygen atom O16 is thus poised to attack C18; only the O16C18 distance (3.248 Å) seems to prevent reaction. These results suggest that the same distance restraint may prevent O-acylation in the enolate intermediate 6b derived from4b. By contrast, the transition state for C-acylation, leading from 6b towards product 5b requires a different geometry, which may explain the observed selectivity for C-acylation in this enolate. The results show that, as 4b is converted to 5b, amide torsional strain is relieved, which may account for the high reactivity of 4b and the efficiency and irreversibility of this condensation process. This study provides a starting point for quantitative correlation of substrate structure in diacylglycolurils with kinetic data for the rearrangement reaction.     

凝结热对低阶煤低温氧化过程的影响

选用Pulse Calorimeter仪器，研究了低阶煤在干燥氧气下低温氧化过程的反应热和相对湿度为80％的氮气下凝结热与温度的变化，以研究凝结热对低阶煤低温氧化过程的影响。结果表明,随着温度的上升体系的反应热增加，而凝结热减少。在26℃~60℃的低温下，体系的凝结热明显高于反应热。因此，低温下凝结热是影响低阶煤的低温氧化过程的重要因素。研究还得到了低阶煤在干燥氧气下低温氧化过程的动力学方程及活化能。     

Methane production from synthesis gas using a mixed culture ofR. rubrum M. barkeri,and M. formicicum

The components of synthesis gas, CO, H₂, and CO₂, may be converted into CH₄ biologically through either acetate or H₂/CO₂ as intermediates. Of these two routes, conversion through H₂/CO₂ is preferred. This paper presents results of mixed-culture studies employing the photosynthetic bacteriumR. rubrum for converting CO to CO₂ and H₂ by the water gas shift reaction and two methanogens,M. formicicum andM. barkeri, for converting CO₂ and H₂ into CH₄. Results are presented for triculture operation in two types of reactors, the packed bubble column and the trickle-bed reactor.     

萜品油烯的DeMayo光环加成产物的反应研究

通过萜品油烯和2，6-二氧代戊酸甲酯的de Mayo反应，使[2 + 2]环加成产物 3-6经retro-aldol重排，开环生成取代环己烯7和12。在不同反应介质中对开环产 物进行再环合，并对其反应机理进行研究。在碱性条件下，经分子内Claisen缩合 反应形成螺环化合物；以对甲本碘酸为催化剂的环合，除生成正常的Claisen缩合 产物以外，7和12均发生烯键亲核加成反应，生成具有二环[3.3.1]结构的桥环化合 物9-11和二环[3.2.1]结构的桥环化合物16-18。所得新化合物的化学结构均经IR, ~1H NMR，~(13)C NMR及元素分析予以确定。     

α-(2-苯并噻唑氧基)烃基膦酸酯的合成性质和生物活性

为探索α-芳(杂 环)磷酸衍生物的生物活性,寻求含磷农药的新母体,合成了十六个未见文献报道的α-(苯并噻唑-2-氧代)烃基膦酸衍生物,所有化合物的结构均IR,HNMR, 元素分析等确证,并对生物活性进行了初步的研究.     

室温无溶剂条件下醋酸锌催化的Knoevenagel缩合反应

以醋酸锌作为催化剂, 在室温无溶剂条件下催化芳香醛与活泼亚甲基化合物发生Knoevenagel缩合反应, 其反应条件温和, 产率最高可达100%, 产品纯度好, 操作和后处理简单.