基体电导率对0-3型铁电复合材料高压极化行为及损耗的影响

提出了一个0-3型聚合物基铁电复合材料的直流高压极化模型.模型中考虑了聚合物/铁电陶瓷界面处自由电荷的积聚及极化初始时刻的真实情况,利用拉普拉斯静电场方程,并结合边界条件,得到了直流高压极化过程中复合材料的极化强度、界面电流密度等随时间的演化方程,同时得到介电常数、介质损耗等物理特性的表达式.此外,实验制备了分别以环氧树脂E-44和铁电共聚物P(VDF-TrFE)为基体的两种0-3型铁电复合材料.从理论和实验两方面研究了基体电导率对极化行为以及介质损耗的影响.两方面结果均表明：随基体电导率增加,极化时间缩短,陶瓷相的极化强度及复合材料的整体电性能提高,但是漏电流及介质损耗增加.而且实验结果与直流高压极化模型的预测结果符合. 关键词： 铁电复合材料 电导率 极化 介质损耗     

介质阻挡放电系统中超四边形斑图形成的实验研究

采用水电极介质阻挡放电装置,在氩气和空气的混合气体放电中,对超四边形斑图的形成进行了实验研究.发现随着外加电压的升高,斑图类型经历了四边形斑图、准超点阵斑图、超四边形斑图、条纹斑图或六边形斑图的演化顺序.对这些斑图进行了傅里叶谱分析,得到了空间模式随电压的变化关系.此外,在外加电压升高的过程中,出现了具有不同空间尺度的两种超四边形斑图,它们满足不同的驻波条件.分析了壁电荷在超四边形斑图形成中的作用.实验测量了斑图类型随气隙间距和外加电压变化的相图以及超四边形斑图随气隙间距和气隙气压变化的相图.测量了击穿电 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 斑图 壁电荷 放电参量     

Polyamide 11/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Blends as Novel Flexible Materials for Capacitors

A novel capacitor with high dielectric constant (ε) has been developed by blending poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with polyamide (PA11). The blends show high dielectric constants (ε_blend = 40), which give better frequency stability (1 MHz), and excellent mechanical properties. Based on certain volume fractions, the measured dielectric constants (ε _blend ) were found to exceed those of the corresponding polymers, in contrasted to conventional composites, where ε_polymerA < ε_composite < ε_polymerB. SEM investigations suggest that the enhanced dielectric behavior originates from significant interfacial polymer‐polymer interactions. DSC and XRD demonstrate that blending PA11 with PVDF affects the crystalline behavior of each component. However, the PA11/PVDF blends exhibit a slightly high dielectric loss (tanδ ≈ 0.17), which is a great disadvantage to a capacitor. Adding a copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride decreased the dielectric loss (tanδ ≈ 0.057) and increased the dielectric constant (ε_blend = 60). Our findings suggest that the high‐ε polymeric blends created represent a novel type of material that is flexible and easy to process, of relatively high dielectric constant, of high breakdown strength and, moreover, is suited to applications in flexible electronics.

     

Effect of Water Vapor Absorption on Measurements of Atmospheric Nitrate Radical by LP-DOAS

利用长程差分吸收光谱技术进行大气NO3自由基测量时,水汽的强烈吸收叠加在测量光谱中,对NO3的精确反演和探测限带来较大的影响. 通过分析水汽吸收的非线性效应,建立了一种去除水汽影响的有效方法. 通过测量日间大气吸收谱,并考虑日间水汽与夜晚水汽变化量,一同参与数据拟合,结果表明该方法可以有效地去除水汽吸收的影响. 把该方法应用于在珠三角外场实验中,获得了好的效果,探测限达到3.6 ppt。     

Theoretical Study on Reaction Mechanism of Aluminum-Water System

在B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)和QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d,p) 水平上,对气相中铝与水的反应进行了计算. 理论计算结果表明,铝水反应经过了三条可能的反应通道并且涉及了四个异构体、七个过渡态和两种产物. 其中两条反应通道所涉及的中间物和产物已被实验测得. 同时,在298 K和2000 K计算了铝水反应的焓变和吉布斯自由能,一些计算结果与以前的计算和实验结果吻合较好.     

Nanomaterials for electrochemical detection of pollutants in water: A review

The survival of living beings, including humanity, depends on a continuous supply of clean water. However, due to the development of industry, agriculture, and population growth, an increasing number of wastewaters is discarded, and the negative effects of such actions are clear. The first step in solving this situation is the collection and monitoring of pollutants in water bodies to subsequently facilitate their treatment. Nonetheless, traditional sensing techniques are typically laboratory-based, leading to potential diminishment in analysis quality. In this paper, the most recent developments in micro- and nano-electrochemical devices for pollutant detection in wastewater are reviewed. The devices reviewed are based on a variety of electrodes and the sensing of three different categories of pollutants: nutrients and phenolic compounds, heavy metals, and organic matter. From these electrodes, Cu, Co, and Bi showed promise as versatile materials to detect a grand variety of contaminants. Also, the most commonly used material is glassy carbon, present in the detection of all reviewed analytes.     

有耗介质层上多导体传输线的电磁耦合时域分析方法

目前,针对空间电磁场作用有耗介质层上传输线的电磁耦合,仍缺乏有效的数值分析方法.因此,本文提出一种高效的时域混合算法,很好地解决了有耗介质层上传输线电磁耦合建模难的问题.首先,对经典传输线方程进行改进,推导了适用于有耗介质层上多导体传输线电磁耦合分析的修正传输线方程.然后,结合时域有限差分方法和相应插值技术,求解修正传输线方程,获得多导线及其端接负载上的电压和电流响应,并实现空间电磁场辐射与多导线瞬态响应的同步计算.最后,通过相应计算实例的数值模拟,与CST软件的仿真结果进行对比,验证了时域混合算法的正确性和高效性.     

On the Integration of Dielectrometry into Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to Obtain Characteristic Properties of a Dielectric Thin Film

We demonstrate a novel impedimetric approach providing unprecedented insight into characteristic properties of dielectric thin films covering electrode surfaces. The concept is based on the joint interpretation of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) together with dielectrometry (DEM) whose informative value is mutually interconnected. The advantage lies in the synergistic compensation of individual shortcomings adversely affecting conventional impedimetric analysis strategies relying exclusively on either DEM or the traditional EIS approach, which in turn allows a reliable determination of thickness and permittivity values. The versatility of the method proposed is showcased by an in-situ growth-monitoring of a nanoporous, crystalline thin film (HKUST-1) on an interdigitated electrode geometry.     

Analytical formulas for complex permittivity of periodic composites. Estimation of gain and loss enhancement in active and passive composites

ABSTRACT

The asymptotic homogenization method is applied to complex dielectric periodic composites. An equivalence to coupled dielectric problems with real coefficients is shown. This is similar to a piezoelectric problem: an out-plane mechanical displacement and an in-plane electric potential establishing a correspondence principle. Closed-form formulas for the complex dielectric effective tensor in the case of a square array of circular inclusions embedded in a matrix are given. These formulas are written in terms of a real and symmetric matrix which facilitates the implementation of the computational scheme. We also get similar formulas for multilayered complex dielectric composites. The real closed-form formulas are advantageous for estimating gain and loss enhancement properties of active and passive composites in certain volume fraction intervals. Numerical computations are performed and the results are compared with other approaches showing the usefulness of the obtained formulas. This may be of interest in the context of metamaterials.