气相色谱法测定蔬菜中的13种农药残留量

建立了快速、简便测定蔬菜中的13种农药残留的方法。样品用乙腈∶乙酸=1000∶1(V/V)溶液提取,QuEChERS(Quick,Easy,Cheap,Effective,Rugged,Safe)方法净化,采用气相色谱法测定。13种有机氯农药加标回收率为70.0%—105.1%,该方法具有回收率高、样品处理快速、溶剂使用量少等优点,能够应用于蔬菜中农药残留量的快速检测。     

果蔬中107种残留农药的气相色谱-质谱检测方法

采用毛细管气相色谱-质谱法对果蔬中107种残留农药检测进行了系统研究,考察了被测组分在不同极性毛细管色谱柱上的保留时间值,对比了不同前处理技术对检测结果的影响,确定了气相色谱-质谱检测农残初筛离子选择原则,规定了气相色谱-质谱确证被捡出农药应符合的条件。     

Simultaneous determination of Co, Ni, Cu and Zn ions in foodstuffs and vegetables with a new Schiff base using artificial neural networks

New complexes of Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ with a recently synthesized Schiff base derived from 3,6-bis((aminoethyl)thio)pyridazine were applied for their simultaneous determination with artificial neural networks. The analytical data show the ratio of metal to ligand in all metal complexes is 1:1. The absorption spectra were evaluated with respect to Schiff base concentration, pH and time of the color formation reactions. It was found that at pH 10.0 and 60 min after mixing, the complexation reactions are completed and the colored complexes exhibited absorption bands in the wavelength range 300-500 nm. Spectral data was reduced using principal component analysis and subjected to artificial neural networks. The data obtained from synthetic mixtures of four metal ions were processed by principal component-feed forward neural networks (PCFFNNs) and principal component-radial basis function networks (PCRBFNs). Performances of the proposed methods were tested with regard to root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP%), using synthetic solutions. Under the working conditions, the proposed methods were successfully applied to simultaneous determination of Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ in different vegetable, foodstuff and pharmaceutical product samples.     

Enorme Unterschiede in der qualitativen und quantitativen Zusammensetzung der Fettsäurefraktion von rohem und gekochtem Gemüse

Summary Potato tubers und vegetables, introduced into the body contain — in dependance if boiled or not — very different amounts of multiple unsaturated fatty acids. In boiled vegetables linoleic and linolenic acid remain unchanged. In contrast, if the vegetable is shred and then analysed, the content of multiple unsaturated fatty acids is lowered for a factor of 2–5. If vegetable is shred, lipoxygenases are liberated, resulting in oxidizing the multiple unsaturated acids. The lipoxygenases are destroyed if vegetable is cooked before shreding. An easy comparison of the effect of lipoxygenases on fatty acid can be made by gas chromatography. The effect is especially strong incruciferae e.g. in cabbage or cauliflower.

     

Importance of control of enzymatic degradation for determination of bisphenol A from fruits and vegetables

The purpose of this study was to develop an analytical method for determination of bisphenol A (BPA) from fruits and vegetables. The present method developed for extraction of BPA from samples was based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) method and solvent extraction. Recovery results in the samples spiked with a 10 ng/ml BPA [no detection (<1 ng/g) to 77%] were lower than those in the samples with a 50 ng/ml BPA (26-96%). The fact that the low recovery results were caused by BPA degradation by enzymes is found. These problems were proved by the pH (pH ≤3) and the heating treatment (at ≥80 °C for 5 min). However, because the heating treatment at temperatures of ≥80 °C for 5 min is more difficult and time-consuming method than the pH control, we suggest that the pH control is useful to prevent BPA degradation. Good recovery results (82-101%) were obtained from all fruit and vegetable samples after pH treatment (pH ≤3). Effective elimination of impurities and a good detection limit (1 ng/g) were obtained with a method involving two SPE cartridges (OASIS HLB and Sep-Pak Florisil cartridge).     

Identification of phenolic compounds in artichoke waste by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A new fast and efficient method combining liquid chromatography coupled to ionspray mass spectrometry in tandem mode with negative ion detection is described for the qualitative analysis of artichoke waste. Forty-five phenolic compounds were identified on the basis of their mass spectra in full scan mode, mass spectra in different MS-MS modes, and retention times compared with those of available reference substances. The major compounds were found to be both caffeoylquinic and dicaffeoylquinic acids, luteolin glucuronide, luteolin galactoside, quercetin, and some quercetin glycosides.     

Determination of selenium in vegetables by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

A digestion mixture of H₂SO₄/HNO₃/H₂O₂/HF/V₂O₅ was investigated for decomposition of plant samples and sensitive detection of selenium was achieved by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). The method was found to be accurate and reproducible, with a low detection limit (DL) (0.14 ng g⁻¹ solution). The repeatability of the determination was mostly around 10%, the reproducibility over a period of 8 months for determination of selenium in the standard reference material Trace Elements in Spinach Leaves, NIST 1570a, was 9% and the relative measurement uncertainty was 7% using a coverage factor of 2.3 at 95% probability. The average recovery of the whole procedure was 90%. The characteristics of this method are simple and inexpensive equipment, low consumption of chemicals and the ability to analyse many samples in a short time. The whole procedure was carried out in the same PTFE tube, and in addition only a simple cleaning procedure is needed. As a consequence of all these advantages, the described method is suitable for environmental and nutritional studies. The selenium content was determined in 44 vegetable samples from different regions of Slovenia and the contents found were in the range 0.3-77 ng g⁻¹ wet weight.     

Development of a simple extraction procedure for chlorpyrifos determination in food samples by immunoassay

The suitability of immunoassay methodology for rapid and accurate determination of chlorpyrifos in vegetables was tested. The optimised ELISA detection limit was 0.32 ng/ml, with a working range from 0.69 to 6.21 ng/ml and an immunoassay test-mid point (IC₅₀) of 2.08 ng/ml. A rapid sample preparation procedure considering different parameters such as the amount of sample, volume of extractant, extraction time and dilution factor was optimised. The developed direct extraction (DE) and multiresidue (ME) standard procedures were performed in different fortified fresh and processed vegetable samples (tomato, bonnet pepper, bean, pea, asparagus, broccoli, watermelon, melon, lettuce, cucumber, celery and red pepper). Recoveries were in all cases in the whole range 85.2-108.9% for both DE and ME extracts. Also, the comparison of the results obtained by both immunochemical and chromatographic methods for spiked fruits and vegetables were good with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.97.     

微波消解石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定蔬菜中痕量铅

经清洗、粉碎并烘干的试样在微波炉中用浓硝酸及过氧化氢消化。所得溶液蒸缩至1~2 mL后定容为10 mL,分取适量作AAS测定。以自吸背景校正方式,在硝酸介质中,K2HPO4为基体改进剂,直接用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定蔬菜中铅。铅的质量浓度在0~50.0μg.L-1范围内呈线性,检出限为1.60μg.L-1,回收率为92.2%~108.2%。     

Analysis of pesticides in fruit, vegetables and cereals using methanolic extraction and detection by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

A method for analysing carbamates and other relatively polar pesticides by LC–MS–MS with electrospray ionisation has been developed. The method is based on extraction by ultrasonication using a methanolic ammonium acetate–acetic acid buffer. After centrifugation the samples are filtered in Miniprep filter HPLC vials and detected by LC–MS–MS. To compensate for variations in the MS response [¹³C₆]-carbaryl was used as internal standard and matrix-matched pesticide solutions were used as external standards for the quantification. The method has been validated for the matrices apple, avocado, carrot, lettuce, orange, potato and wheat at the spiking levels—0.02; 0.04 and 0.20 mg kg⁻¹. Recoveries were generally in the range 70–120%. Results from participation in three intercomparisons proved the accuracy of the method. As the analytical procedure does not include any concentration or cleanup steps, it is easy and fast to perform, making it applicable for routine analysis in large pesticide monitoring programmes.