CdS/PAMAM与氨基酸作用研究及其在潜在指印显现中的应用

提出了以硫化镉/聚酰胺-胺树形分子(CdS/PAMAM)纳米复合材料显现潜在指印的新方法。傅里叶变换光谱研究了PAMAM G4.5外部酯端基与氨基酸中胺基之间的胺解反应,选用相对峰高比H_{1 267/1 735}来监测不同条件下的反应进程,并发现温度对于胺解反应的影响很大,90 ℃时胺解反应可在4h内显著进行,120 ℃时胺解反应速率在3 h后发生递减。将CdS/PAMAM作为指印显现试剂,在同等条件下与现有常规指印显现液对比,发现前者的荧光强度约为后者的65倍,荧光性能优势明显。确定使用加热压显法显现不同客体表面潜在指印的条件为120 ℃下反应0.5～3 h。使用优化后的条件对多种载体表面潜在指印进行显现,可以获得理想的显现效果。该显现方法具有简便、快速、灵敏、安全、经济等特点。     

High-Resolution Infrared-Vacuum Ultraviolet Photoion and Pulsed Field Ionization-Photoelectron Methods for Spectroscopic Studies of Neutrals and Cations

We show that by scanning the frequency of a single mode infrared (IR) optical parametric oscillator (IR-OPO) laser to excite the molecular species of interest and fixing the frequency of a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) laser to photoionize the IR excited species, high-resolution IR spectra of polyatomic neutrals can be obtained with high sensitivity. The fact that this IR-VUV-photoion (IR-VUV-PI) method is based on VUV photoionization probe, and thus, allows the identification of the neutral IR absorber, makes it applicable for IR spectroscopy measurements of isotopemers, radicals, and clusters, which usually exist as impure samples. The highly resolved IR-VUV-PI measurements achieved using the single mode IR-OPO laser have made possible the selection of single rovibrational states of CH3X (X=Br and I), C2H4, and C3H4 for VUV-pulsed field ionization-photoelectron (VUV-PFI-PE) measurements, resulting in rovibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra for these polyatomic molecules. These experiments show that the signal-to-noise ratios of the IR-VUV-PI and IR-VUV-PFI-PE spectra obtained by employing the high-resolution IR-OPO laser are significantly higher than those observed in previous IR-VUV-PI and IR-VUV-PFI-PE studies using a low-resolution IR-OPO laser. Further improvement in sensitivity of IR-VUV-PI and IR-VUV-PFI-PE measurements by using the collinear arrangement of IR-VUV lasers and molecular beam is discussed.     

Measurements of Forces and Temperature Fields in High-Speed Machining of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy

This study focuses on experimental modeling of dry high-speed machining at 30 m/s cutting velocity using 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. A modified Hopkinson bar apparatus is employed to simulate orthogonal machining, a focused array of mercury–cadmium–tellurium infrared detectors is used to measure the temperature distribution around the tool tip, and a three-component quartz force transducer is utilized in measuring the cutting and feed forces. The resulting measurements confirm the assumption of steady-state cutting and allow for estimation of the partition of cutting work into heating, shear, and momentum changes in the chip. In an earlier study, measurements of temperature distributions showed little heating of the finished surface. Therefore, a study of the temperature fields generated during machining with a cutting tool that has a wear-land was performed. The wear-land contributes significantly to the heating of the workpiece and, at this speed, is the most likely mechanism for the generation of residual stresses and a temperature rise on the finished surface.     

依赖性药物滥用者头发中微量元素测定及相关分析

为了探讨依赖性药物滥用者头发中微量元素营养水平的变化情况及微量元素与滥用依赖性药物间的相关性,用ICP-AES法测定了195例戒毒所收容的强制戒毒人员和200例健康对照者头发中Al,Ba,Ca,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mg,Mn,Ni,Pb,Sr,Zn等13种微量元素的含量;用SPSS统计软件进行相关分析。结果表明,依赖性药物滥用者头发中锌、钙含量明显低于对照组,铅、铁和镁则明显高于对照组(p＜0.001)。用皮尔逊相关分析分析了依赖性药物滥用者头发中微量元素的相关性,为改善依赖性药物滥用者戒毒期间的免疫功能和巩固戒毒效果提供了依据。     

遥感FTIR测定固体推进剂燃烧的红外光谱特性

应用高分辨率的Bruker EQUINOX55型遥感FTIR,对含有大量高氯酸铵和聚四氟乙烯的高红外活性的固体推进剂燃烧火焰的红外光谱特性进行了研究。设定遥感FTIR光谱仪的光谱分辨率为4 cm-1,连续实时地收集燃烧进行到0,9,18,27和36 s时火焰的红外发射光谱图。采用分子转振光谱测温法,实时测定了固体推进剂的燃烧温度,测得的温度分别为1 992.5,2 610.9,2 294.4,2 361.1和1 916.9 K,校正了仪器的响应函数,得到了固体推进剂燃烧火焰的绝对光谱能量分布图,以及在不同时刻燃烧产物HCl,HF,CO₂和CO的实时浓度。研究结果表明,遥感FTIR可以用于研究特种红外源的红外光谱特性,特别是用于军事上红外目标识辨和制导与反制导,以及研究和改进固体推进剂的配方,是一种很有潜力的技术。     

蛇足石杉及其近缘种表征关系的FTIR主成分分析

蛇足石杉是一种重要药用植物,其种内变异程度高,近缘种多,植株体型小,可供鉴别性状少。运用OMNI采样器-傅里叶变换红外光谱直接测定法,获得了蛇足石杉(Huperzia Serrata)及其5个近缘种：四川石杉(Huperzia Sutchueniana)、闽浙马尾杉(Phlegmariurus Mingchegensis)、石松(Lycopodium Japonicum)、深绿卷柏(Selaginella Doederleinii)和异穗卷柏(Selaginella Heterostachys)16个叶片样品的红外光谱,以666～3 145 cm-1范围内吸收峰吸光度为指标,以红外光谱图为对象,应用主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis),比较了16个样品在红外光谱上的差异程度。发现基于傅里叶变换红外光谱的主成分分析排序图能够在一定程度上表征16个样品的分类关系。应用FTIR直接测定法能够鉴别蛇足石杉及其近缘物种。     

基于大黄的红外光谱的人工神经网络鉴别研究

将傅里叶变换红外光谱法和人工神经网络用于鉴别正品和非正品大黄样品。在对神经网络训练前用小波变换对测量的红外光谱进行压缩,将原700个数据点的光谱压缩到44个变量,因此加速了神经网络的训练速度。52个大黄样品被用于网络模型的建立,其中包括25个正品大黄和27个非正品大黄的样品。文章还对隐含层神经元数目和动量参数的影响做了考察。结果表明,在优化的条件下用该方法对大黄样品的鉴别正确率达到98％。这种方法可被用于含大黄中药生产的质量控制。     

被动式OP-FTIR的新近发展

被动式OP-FTIR是一种开路FTIR技术,它具有OP-FTIR的所有优点,而且在缺乏背景信息的情况下,有对准任意方向收集数据的能力,是一种可移动、快速的遥测手段。文中给出了被动式OP-FTIR在高海拔大气污染物测量、有毒气体自动识别、热耗气体测量(包括飞行器尾气测量、烟囱释放化学烟羽测量和遥测火山发射物)、温度及燃烧产物的测量(包括云层温度测量)及军事上等几个方面的新近应用。随着FTIR和计算机技术的不断发展,被动式OP-FTIR将在环境监测、航空航天、发动机排放、燃烧和军事等方面,有着非常广阔的应用前景。     

Opto-thermal Moisture Content and Moisture Depth Profile Measurements in Organic Materials

Opto-thermal transient emission radiometry(OTTER) is a infrared remote sensing technique, which has been successfully used in in vivo skin moisture content and skin moisture depth profiling measurements. In present paper, we extend this moisture content measurement capability to analyze the moisture content of fruit (tomato. grape, etc. ) skins, and to study the relationship between fruits ripening process and their sur-face moisture and moisture depth profiles.     

IR spectroelectrochemical studies of Fe2V4O13, FeVO4 and InVO4 thin films obtained via sol-gel synthesis

In this paper we generalize the IR spectroscopic properties of M³⁺VO₄ (M=Fe, In) orthovanadate and Fe₂V₄O₁₃ films. The films were prepared using the sol-gel synthesis route from M³⁺ nitrates and vanadium oxoisopropoxide. The vibrational bands in the IR absorbance spectra of the films are classified in terms of terminal V-O stretching (1050–880 cm^–1), bridging V-O^...Fe and V^...O^...Fe stretching (880–550 cm^–1), mixed V-O-V deformations and Fe-O stretching (<550 cm^–1) modes. Ex situ IR spectra of films were measured after consecutive charging/discharging to various intercalation coefficients x and correlated to the current peaks in the cyclic voltammetry curves measured in 1 M LiClO₄/propylene carbonate electrolyte. We classified the ex situ IR spectra of charged/discharged films according to their vibrational band changes. The results reveal that, for small values of the intercalation coefficient, crystalline FeVO₄, InVO₄ and Fe₂V₄O₁₃ films exhibit a simultaneous decrease in the intensity of all IR bands while the band frequencies remain unaffected. For the higher intercalation levels, IR mode frequencies are shifted, signaling the presence of reduced vanadium. Further charging leads to an amorphization of the film structure, which was established from the similarity of the IR spectra of charged films with those of amorphous films prepared at lower annealing temperatures. The results confirm that ex situ IR spectroelectrochemical measurement is an effective way to assess the structural changes in films with different levels of intercalation. Electronic Publication