Inhibition effect of butan-1-ol on the corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steel (Type 304) in dilute sulfuric acid

The electrochemical behavior of austenitic stainless steel (Type 304) in 3 M sulfuric acid with 3.5% recrystallized sodium chloride at specific concentrations of butan-1-ol was investigated with the aid of potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit measurement and weight loss technique. Butan-1-ol effectively inhibited the steel corrosion with a maximum inhibition efficiency of 78.7% from weight-loss analysis and 80.9% from potentiodynamic polarization test at highest concentration studied. Adsorption of the compound obeyed the Freundlich isotherm. Thermodynamic calculations reveal physiochemical interactions and spontaneous adsorption mechanism. Surface characterizations showed the absence of corrosion products and topographic modifications of the steel. Statistical analysis depicts the overwhelming influence and statistical significance of inhibitor concentration on the inhibition performance.     

Microstructure, bonding strength and thermal shock resistance of ceramic coatings on steels prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation

Ceramic coatings were successfully prepared on steel by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in aluminate electrolyte and silicate electrolyte, respectively. The microstructure of the coatings including surface morphology, phase and element composition were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The bonding strength between the ceramic coating and the substrate was tested using different methods including tensile tests and shearing tests. The thermal shock resistance of the coatings was also evaluated. The results indicated that coatings obtained in both electrolytes were porous and coarse. The average diameters of the pores were below 10 μm. PEO coatings obtained in aluminate electrolyte were composed of Fe₃O₄ and FeAl₂O₄, while those obtained in silicate electrolyte were in a noncrystal state. PEO coatings obtained in aluminate electrolyte showed similar change trend of tensile strength and shearing strength with increasing treating time, namely, a relatively high values with middle time treating and low value with short and long time treating. The best coating was the samples treated with 30 min, whose tensile strength was 20.6 MPa and shearing strength was 16 MPa. The tensile strength and shearing strength of coatings obtained in silicate electrolyte were not strongly influenced by the treating time, the values of which were range in 14 ± 2 MPa and 11 ± 2 MPa, respectively. Coatings obtained in both electrolytes showed the best thermal shock resistance with middle time treating. Coatings obtained in silicate electrolyte show a little better thermal shock resistance than those obtained in aluminate electrolyte.     

Search of hydrogen transition states on α-Fe: The monomer adapted to first principles calculations

In the context of the density functional theory (DFT), we use the ab-initio electronic structure code, SIESTA, coupled to an economic technique to find activated states (or migration barriers), in order to study atomic defects diffusion through the crystal lattice: The monomer method [V.P. Ramunni, M.A. Alurralde, R.C. Pasianot, Phys. Rev. B 74 (2006) 054113]. We test our technique calculating the activated transition states of interstitial hydrogen (H) between two sites of high symmetry, tetrahedral and octahedral, in the α and β phases of Fe. The results are discussed in the context of experimental data and other available models.     

Numerical study on reduction of the elevated structure noise by surface absorption on plate girders

With the aim to propose a reasonable and effective countermeasure for the elevated structure noise, the sound field radiated by a steel plate girder, which is the main source of the elevated structure noise, have been theoretically analysed. In the present study, steel plate girders are modelled as infinitely long elastic plate strips placed in parallel and numerical examples on the sound field radiated by the steel plate girders are shown. In the analysis of the radiated sound field, the equivalent source method is employed. Effect of the surface absorption on the sound field radiated by the girders is discussed through numerical examples. The results show that the surface absorption is effective for reduction of the radiated sound field, especially in the area that increase of sound pressure due to reflection by adjacent plate girders is observed. Furthermore, to design for reasonable countermeasure, variation of the noise reduction effect due to changing the pattern of surface absorption area on plate girders is classified.     

Fast analysis of complex metallic alloys by double-pulse time-integrated Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Results are reported on the application of double-pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for fast analysis of complex metallic alloys. The approach followed for the determination of the composition of the alloys is based on the time-integrated acquisition of LIBS spectra emitted by plasmas induced by collinear double-pulse laser excitation. The spectra are analysed using the Partial Least Squares method, which allows the determination of sample composition even in the presence of strong spectral interferences. The results shown indicate the possibility of measuring the composition of complex metallic alloys in very short times and using relatively cheap LIBS instrumentation.     

Polyphosphate-doped polypyrrole coated on steel fiber for the solid-phase microextraction of organochlorine pesticides in water

A solid-phase microextraction technique using steel fiber coated with 20 μm polypyrrole (Ppy) doped with polyphosphate was developed for the GC determination of a group of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water. The coating was prepared using a three-electrode electrochemical system from a 10% aqueous sodium polyphosphate solution containing 0.05 M pyrrole by applying a constant potential of 1.2 V for 30 min. In order to obtain an adherent, smooth and stable film of polypyrrole, experimental parameters related to the coating process consisting of the type of dopant or counter-ion, deposition potential, concentration of the monomer, concentration of the counter-ion, and deposition time were optimized. The effects of various parameters on the efficiency of SPME process such as extraction time, extraction temperature, ionic strength, desorption time, and desorption temperature were also studied. The coating was highly stable and extremely adherent to the surface of the steel fiber. The method was linear for at least three orders of magnitude with correlation coefficients varying from 0.9818 to 0.9977. The accuracies found through spiking blank samples showed high recoveries between 82 and 110%. Intra- and inter-day precisions of the method were determined from mixed aqueous solutions containing 1.0 ng ml⁻¹ of each OCP. The intra-day precisions varied from 4.7% for heptachlor to 11.4% for methoxychlor, while the inter-day precisions varied from 6.8% for endosulfan I to 13.0% for p,p′-DDD and o,p-DDD. Limits of detection based on S/N = 3 were in the range 0.015-0.66 pg ml⁻¹. The proposed method was applied to monitor organochlorine pesticides in some well water samples.     

基于LIBS技术的钢铁合金中元素多变量定量分析方法研究

针对钢铁合金样品元素组成相对复杂,基体效应较严重的问题,利用激光诱导击穿(LIBS)光谱技术对钢铁合金中的元素进行了定量分析。以Nd∶YAG脉冲激光器基频1 064 nm波长激光作为激发光源,采用中阶梯光栅光谱仪和ICCD分光探测钢铁合金样品的LIBS光谱。通过优化实验确定最佳探测延时为1.5 μs,最佳探测门宽为2 μs,激光聚焦点位置在实验样品靶面以下1.5 mm。采用单变量定量分析、多变量线性回归和偏最小二乘(PLS)三种方法分析钢铁合金中Cr元素和Ni元素的含量。结果表明,采用单变量定标方法定标曲线相关系数不高,对待测样的预测误差相对较大,难以有效地定量分析基体元素复杂的钢铁合金中金属元素的含量;采用多变量线性回归分析方法能有效提高定量分析的精度;采用PLS方法得到的Cr和Ni元素的拟合曲线相关系数r分别为0.981和0.995,对两个待测样品中Cr元素和Ni元素的预测相对误差在6.4%和7.1%以内,分析结果优于多变量线性回归方法。可见,采用多变量校正的PLS方法能更有效地校正基体效应对定量分析的影响,提高定量分析的精度。     

不锈钢表面Schiff碱自组装分子膜的制备及性能

以乙二胺和乙酰丙酮为原料,在盐酸催化下合成了新的Schiff 碱化合物,其收率为73.2%。 采用红外光谱和核磁共振谱对化合物的结构进行了表征。 并将其自组装在不锈钢基体表面,利用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱和自腐蚀电位 时间曲线进行电化学分析。 结果表明,在1 mol/L HCl中,不锈钢表面自组装分子膜能快速有效的抑制异相电子的转移,促进不锈钢表面发生钝化,减少了不锈钢基体的腐蚀。 总结了Schiff碱自组装分子膜对金属防护的效用和价值。     

CeO_2负载多孔碱激发钢渣基催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

固体废弃物高附加值利用是资源可持续发展的重要途径之一,创新性的提出了以丙烯酸树脂乳液为孔形成剂,对碱激发钢渣基胶凝材料的孔结构进行调变,制备出新型多孔碱激发钢渣基胶凝材料,采用初湿浸渍法合成了一种新型的CeO_2负载的多孔钢渣基催化剂。利用XRF,XRD,BET,UV-Vis DRS等手段对光催化剂的组成、结构及光谱性能进行了表征,评价了其光催化分解水制氢活性。结果表明:孔形成剂的加入,改变了碱激发钢渣基胶凝材料的孑L结构,其介孔体积增加了70.27%,负载8 Wt%CeO_2的光催化剂介孔体积增加了144.14%。在模拟太阳光源辐照6 h后,负载8 Wt%CeO_2的光催化剂的最高产氢活性(7 653μmol·g~(-1))和产氢速率[1 275.5μmol·(g·h)~(-1)]归因于介孔体积增加了水分子的传质速率以及高分散的CeO_2活性组分与载体中FeO形成的耦合半导体促进了光生电子-空穴对的高效分离。