Quality evaluation and species differentiation of Rhizoma coptidis by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Rhizoma coptidis, a broadly used traditional Chinese medicine, derives from the dried rhizomes of Coptis chinensis Franch, Coptis deltoidea C.Y. Cheng et Hsiao and Coptis teeta Wall. Quantitative determination of protoberberine alkaloids in R. coptidis is critical for controlling its quality. In this study, a rapid, simple and accurate quantitative ¹H NMR (qNMR) method was developed for simultaneous determination of berberine, jatrorrhizine, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine and columbamine in R. coptidis from the three species. Method validation was performed in terms of selectivity, precision, repeatability, stability, accuracy, robustness and linearity. The average recoveries obtained were in the range of 96.9–102.4% for all the six alkaloids. In addition, the qNMR data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), and the results showed that the contents of the active alkaloids have significant difference among the three species. Compared with the conventional HPLC approach, the proposed qNMR method was demonstrated to be a powerful tool for quantifying the six alkaloids due to its unique advantages of high robustness, rapid analysis time and no need of standard compounds for calibration curves preparation. These findings indicate that this method has potential as a reliable method for quality evaluation of herb medicines, especially for protoberberine alkaloid-containing ones.     

靶细胞提取和高效液相飞行时间质谱联用分析预测丹参中的活性成分

建立靶细胞提取和与高效液相飞行时间质谱联用(HPLC-ESI/TOFMS)分析相结合进行丹参活性成分研究的方法,对丹参中可能的活性成分进行了推测。将靶细胞和丹参样品一起孵育培养,根据活性成分可以与靶细胞膜有特异性的结合或者进入靶细胞内的原理,用HPLC-MS方法对培养后细胞破碎液中的成分进行分析。从加药Raw264.7细胞和Ecv304细胞破碎液中检测到丹参素、原儿茶醛、咖啡酸、丹酚酸D、紫草酸、迷迭香酸及丹酚酸B7种丹参中成分,在加药的HL7702细胞破碎液中检测出丹参素、原儿茶醛、咖啡酸及丹酚酸B4种丹参中的水溶性成分。结果显示:细胞破碎液中检测的成分为丹参在靶细胞中有吸收的成分,本方法可用于预测中药中的活性成分。     

红外光谱法无损鉴别升麻的研究

本文利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法和计算机比对软件,快速、直接地测定了15种升麻基源植物,结果表明：各种升麻药村的基源植物由于其化学成分的不同以及各成分间的相对含量的不同,使每种样品都有自己独特的红外谱图。不同科的升麻样品谱图差别较显著;同属不同种的升麻谱图差别较大;同种不同产地、同种同产地不同采集时间的升麻谱图差别较小。该方法具有快速、准确、制样简单不需对样品进行提取分离、保持原性质等特点。     

附子配伍过程中二萜类生物碱在Caco-2小肠吸收细胞模型中吸收转运的UPLC/MS研究

利用Caco-2细胞单层模型和超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆电喷雾质谱联用方法, 考察附子中乌头类生物碱提取物的跨膜转运. 在相同浓度的附子乌头类生物碱溶液中, 加入干姜、甘草、半夏及浙贝母的水提物(折合药材质量比例为1∶1), 系统考察了加入前后的表观渗透系数(P_app). 结果表明, 加入配伍药材后附子中11种二萜类生物碱的P_app发生了明显的变化. 干姜、甘草和半夏水提物的加入能够明显地降低二萜类生物碱在小肠中的生物利用度, 尤其抑制其中毒性较大的双酯型生物碱的生物利用度|而浙贝母的水提物却在促进吸收和抑制外排两个方面共同作用, 使二萜类生物碱的生物利用度明显增加.     

四物汤及其单味药振荡反应的微量量热法研究

采用微量量热法对四物汤及其单味药振荡体系进行了研究, 测定了四物汤及其单味药在不同浓度、不同温度下的振荡体系的热功率-时间曲线, 得到了它们的诱导期、振荡周期, 根据非平衡态理论计算了它们的反应级数和表观活化能, 并建立了诱导期、振荡周期与浓度和表观活化能之间的非线性关系式.     

黄连不同提取物的红外光谱研究

中药提取物是传统中药融合现代制药技术的新型产品,具有广泛的国际市场。建立快速、有效的分析方法有助于中药提取物的实时质量监控。文章利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术(FT-IR)对黄连药材、水提物和醇提物作了研究。结果表明：黄连药材及其提取物有着各自稳定的光谱特征,谱图中位于1 505 cm-1的芳环骨架振动峰是判断盐酸小檗碱在不同黄连样品中含量高低的主要依据,而相应的二阶导数谱图可以大大提高原始谱图的分辨率。黄连药材经过提取,以小檗碱为代表的主要活性成分得到有效富集,两种提取物中小檗碱的含量明显增高;黄连醇提物中小檗碱的含量又明显高于其水提物。FTIR能够简便、快速地提供中药提取物中主要化学成分的定性与半定量信息,从而为后续的化学成分分析和中药提取分离工艺的改进提供有效参考。     

Comparative separation of biologically active components inRhizoma chuanxiong by affinity chromatography with α1-acid glycoprotein and human serum albumin as stationary phasesglycoprotein and human serum albumin as stationary phases

Summary Affinity chromatography with α₁-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and human serum albumin (HSA) stationary phases was applied to screen and analyze the biologically active components ofRhizoma chuanxiong. Five major peaks and a number of small peaks were resolved based on their affinity for AGP and HSA, respectively, and three of them, identified as ferulic acid, chuanxiongzine and ligustilide via standard compounds, are regarded as effective components. The effects of acetonitrile concentration, pH, inorganic salt concentration and temperature on the retention behaviors of five major components on the two stationary phases were also investigated. It was observed that hydrophobicity is the major contributor to retention on both stationary phases, and ferulic acid has a weak electrostatic interaction with HSA. It demonstrated that the chromatograms ofRhizoma chuanxiong on the two stationary phases have concise and different fingerprinting characteristics. The amount of ferulic acid, chuanxiongzine and ligustilide inRhizoma chuanxiong determined using the AGP column are as much as 0.064%, 0.021% and 2.00% by weight.     

中药复方溶液环境对黄连生物碱大孔树脂吸附的动力学比较研究

研究含黄连的不同中药复方水提液溶液环境对大孔树脂吸附率的影响,为大孔树脂在中药生产中的优选和在中药复方精制分离技术中的推广应用提供实验依据。采用pH、电导率、盐度、浊度、黏度5项物理化学指标性参数表征6种复方水提液体系,通过比较黄连生物碱于不同溶液环境中对相同AB-8树脂的吸附动力学变化,考察溶液环境对复方中指标性成分分离纯化的影响。实验结果表明,黄连在不同中药复方配伍中,虽然溶液环境差异较大,但黄连中生物碱类成分均可以在树脂上被选择性吸附,复方1~6指标性生物碱成分达到吸附平衡的时间均有差异;复方2的电导率和盐度较大,生物碱与大孔树脂的吸附作用显著降低,复方6的电导率小而黏度较大,生物碱达到吸附平衡的时间较其他复方长,吸附作用大于复方2而较其他复方较小。上述研究结果表明,复方水溶液的电导率、盐度为影响生物碱在大孔树脂选择性吸附的主要因素,黏度影响生物碱达到吸附平衡的时间。     

高效液相色谱与质谱联用分析测定川芎中有效成分阿魏酸与藁本内酯

采用HPLC-MS系统地研究了中药川芎有效成分阿魏酸(ferykuc acid)和藁本内酯(liguatilide)的定量分析方法。利用制备色谱制备了藁本内酯对照品,并对其进行了紫外光谱、质谱、红外光谱等结构鉴定。分别考察了水、甲醇、乙醇、95％乙醇4种溶剂以及提取时间对川芎中阿魏酸和藁本内酯提取量的影响。结果表明：水是阿魏酸的最佳提取溶剂,提取时间45min为宜;乙醇是适合提取藁本内酯的溶剂,提取时间75min为宜。以外标法对市售川芎中的阿魏酸与藁本内酯进行了定量分析,二者含量分别是0．15％(m／m)和0．82％(m/m)。     

Comparative pharmacokinetic study of nine bioactive components in osteoarthritis rat plasma using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after single and combined oral administration of Epimedii Folium and Chuanxiong Rhizoma extracts

The herb pair Epimedii Folium–Chuanxiong Rhizoma (EF–CR), derived from the classical traditional Chinese medicine ‘Xian Ling Pi San’, has a distinctive compatibility therapeutic profile and is clinically safe and effective. This study aimed to investigate and compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of nine analytes in osteoarthritis (OA) rat plasma after the oral administration of EF, CR or a combination of these two herbs. We developed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with quadrupole linear ion-trap mass spectrometry to simultaneously quantify and assess the pharmacokinetics of icariin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariside I, icariside II, ferulic acid, ligustilide and senkyunolide A of the EF–CR pair in the plasma of osteoarthritic rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters showed that the absorption of multiple components was significantly enhanced and residence time was prolonged in the EF–CR group (P < 0.05) compared to the single-herb group. These parameters revealed that the combination of EF and CR exhibited synergistic effects of the nine bioactive components, suggesting the potential application of the EF–CR combination for the treatment of OA.