Kinetic Studies on of Veratryl the Lignin Peroxidase Catalyzed Oxidation Alcohol by H2O2 in AOT/Isooctane/ Toluene/Water Reverse Micelles

The steady state kinetics of the lignin peroxidase （LIP） catalyzed oxidation of veratryl alcohol （VA） by H2O2 in a sodium bis（2-ethylhexyl） sulfosuccinate （AOT）/isooctane/toluene/water reverse micellar medium was studied and a comparison with the corresponding aqueous medium was made to understand the effect of the reverse micellar medium on the catalytic mechanism and kinetic parameters. Results indicated that the model reaction in the AOT reverse micelle followed the ping-pong mechanism with true kcat, Km,VA and KmH2O2 being 59.6min^-1, 13.9 mmol· L^-1 and 94.8 μmol·L^-1, respectively; inhibition of high level of H2O2 on LiP followed the reversible competitive pattern with Ki being 0.140 mmol·L^-1. The reaction mechanism and inhibition pattern in the AOT reverse micellar medium were the same as those in bulk aqueous medium, but the kinetic parameters except KmH2O2 were greatly different in the two media. The kcat and Ki values in the reverse micelle were approximately 2 and 20 times smaller than the corresponding values in the aqueous solution, but the Michaelis constant of VA was approximately 100 times greater than that in the aqueous solution. The above mentioned differences in the kinetic parameters were caused by the microheterogeneity and the interface of the AOT reverse micelle, which resulted in the partitioning of VA and H2O2, and by the changes of the conformation of LiP and the reactivity of the substrates.     

UV Protective,Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Compostable Polylactic Acid Composites Containing Pristine and Chemically Modified Lignin Nanoparticles

Polylactic acid (PLA) films containing 1 wt % and 3 wt % of lignin nanoparticles (pristine (LNP), chemically modified with citric acid (caLNP) and acetylated (aLNP)) were prepared by extrusion and characterized in terms of their overall performance as food packaging materials. Morphological, mechanical, thermal, UV–Vis barrier, antioxidant and antibacterial properties were assayed; appropriate migration values in food simulants and disintegration in simulated composting conditions were also verified. The results obtained indicated that all lignin nanoparticles succeeded in conferring UV-blocking, antioxidant and antibacterial properties to the PLA films, especially at the higher filler loadings assayed. Chemical modification of the fillers partially reduced the UV protection and the antioxidant properties of the resulting composites, but it induced better nanoparticles dispersion, reduced aggregates size, enhanced ductility and improved aesthetic quality of the films through reduction of the characteristic dark color of lignin. Migration tests and disintegration assays of the nanocomposites in simulated composting conditions indicated that, irrespectively of their formulation, the multifunctional nanocomposite films prepared behaved similarly to neat PLA.     

Preparation and Characterization of Size-Controlled Lignin Nanoparticles with Deep Eutectic Solvents by Nanoprecipitation

Lignin nanomaterials have wide application prospects in the fields of cosmetics delivery, energy storage, and environmental governance. In this study, we developed a simple and sustainable synthesis approach to produce uniform lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) by dissolving industrial lignin in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) followed by a self-assembling process. LNPs with high yield could be obtained through nanoprecipitation. The LNPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Distinct LNPs could be produced by changing the type of DES, lignin sources, pre-dropping lignin concentration, and the pH of the system. Their diameter is in the range of 20–200 nm and they show excellent dispersibility and superior long-term stability. The method of preparing LNPs from lignin–DES with water as an anti-solvent is simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly. The outcome aids to further the advancement of lignin-based nanotechnology.     

Pickering双乳液法制备分子印迹聚合物分离分析玉米中的硝磺草酮

该文采用Pickering双乳液法,以硝磺草酮为模板分子、甲基丙烯酸甲酯为功能单体、木质素为稳定粒子制备分子印迹聚合物,并对其进行傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电镜、X射线衍射与接触角表征,同时探究了该聚合物对硝磺草酮的静态吸附、动态吸附和选择性吸附。Scatchard分析表明：合成的聚合物对硝磺草酮的结合方式有两种,最大表观吸附量（Qmax）和平衡离解常数（Kd）分别为Qmax1 = 32.31 mg/g,Kd1 = 116.28 mg/L;Qmax2 = 89.99 mg/g,Kd2 = 413.22 mg/L。动力学测定结果显示：该聚合物对硝磺草酮的吸附符合准二级动力学模型。将制备得到的分子印迹聚合物作为基质固相分散的分散剂萃取分离玉米中的硝磺草酮。最佳萃取条件为分子印迹聚合物与样品的质量比3∶2;研磨时间10 min,淋洗剂2 mL 20%甲醇水溶液,洗脱剂5 mL 5%乙酸乙腈。最佳条件下,硝磺草酮的检出限为0.018 μg/g,回收率为97.0%～98.4%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.70%～5.6%。该研究分析时间短、有机溶剂用量少,且提高了选择性和分析效率。     

木质素基刺激响应智能材料的研究进展

综述了近几年木质素基刺激响应智能材料的研究进展,根据刺激源的不同分别的对pH响应、光响应、热响应、多重响应及其他类型响应的木质素基响应智能材料的响应机理,构建策略及运用情况进行了阐述。还对木质素构建响应材料中所存在的优点和不足作了一个总结,最后对木质素基响应材料的未来发展作了一个展望。     

A Comparison of Edge-plane and Basal-plane Pyrolytic Graphite Electrodes towards Sensitive Determination of the Fungicide Mandipropamid

A sensitive square-wave voltammetry (SWV) method based on basal-plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (BPPGE) and edge-plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (EPPGE) was developed to determine the concentration of the pesticide mandipropamid (MAN) in spiked river water and grape juice samples. Under optimal experimental conditions, the SWV response of EPPGE and BPPGE was linear over the concentration ranges of 0.7 to 9.0 μmol L⁻¹ and 0.5 to 10.0 μmol L⁻¹, respectively. The method was successfully used to determine MAN in spiked samples with good recovery. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was conducted to understand the mechanism underlying the electrode process of MAN.     

水葫芦木质素的提取及其苯胺吸附性能

采用碱提法从生态入侵植物水葫芦中提取木质素,利用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对所获得的木质素进行表征,研究了水葫芦木质素对水中苯胺的吸附性能,考察了溶液p H值、吸附时间、初始浓度等因素对水葫芦木质素吸附苯胺的影响。当Na OH溶液浓度0.1 mol/L,提取时间4 h,温度100℃,料液比1∶20时,水葫芦木质素的收率最大为6.81%。红外图谱显示,在1 456~1 656 cm-1处存在木质素的芳香环骨架振动吸收峰;扫描电镜显示,木质素呈大量细小的颗粒,木质素颗粒表面存在许多微小的孔状结构,有利于吸附作用的发生。在室温下,溶液p H 6.0,苯胺初始浓度为150 mg/L,吸附剂用量为5 mg,吸附时间120 min时,水葫芦木质素对苯胺的最大吸附容量为12.2 mg/g。苯胺吸附实验数据拟合符合准二级动力学模型以及Langmuir吸附等温模型。水葫芦木质素对苯胺的吸附以单分子层化学吸附为主,属于优惠吸附。相同吸附条件下,水葫芦木质素对湖泊水样中苯胺的吸附与实验模拟水样的吸附效果相近。水葫芦木质素可作为富集分离材料用于分析样品制备以及水中污染物的吸附。     

Synergistic Interaction within Bifunctional Ruthenium Nanoparticle/SILP Catalysts for the Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenols

Ruthenium nanoparticles immobilized on acid‐functionalized supported ionic liquid phases (Ru NPs@SILPs) act as efficient bifunctional catalysts in the hydrodeoxygenation of phenolic substrates under batch and continuous flow conditions. A synergistic interaction between the metal sites and acid groups within the bifunctional catalyst leads to enhanced catalytic activities for the overall transformation as compared to the individual steps catalyzed by the separate catalytic functionalities.     

裂解气相色谱-质谱联用法分析聚醚酰亚胺的裂解产物

应用裂解气相色谱及质谱联用法研究了3种聚醚酰亚胺(PEIM′s)的裂解行为,并根据裂解产物的结构及其相对产率推断了裂解的机理。取3种PEIM样品置于石英裂解管中,分别在550℃,650℃,750℃条件下裂解,所得产物用气相色谱-质谱联用法分析。分析中采用DB-5毛细管色谱柱,电子轰击离子源(200℃,70eV)及在m/z 29～500范围内全扫描方式,并用NIST谱库进行检索和用归一化法计算峰面积进行定量。由试验结果可知:选择在750℃进行裂解较好,在此条件下获得主要裂解产物存在的更明显的信息,有利于对产物进行详细分析和鉴定。