随机多项式展开多特征向量约束-匹配场 声源定位算法*

多特征向量约束的自适应环境宽容匹配场算法可用于随机和不确知海洋声传播介质中的声源位置定位。该方法需要对拷贝场复声压的互谱矩阵进行估计。为了克服蒙特卡洛统计方法计算互谱矩阵较为耗时的缺点,文章将起伏介质中的随机或不确知声压表示为以正交的随机多项式为基底的级数,随机多项式基底的输入变量为描述环境随机性或不确知性的随机变量。利用随机多项式展开基底的正交性可快速估计拷贝场复声压互谱矩阵。仿真结果表明：在声源频率较低、浅海海水声速存在随机起伏的条件下,在计算效率上使用随机多项式展开方法估计拷贝场复声压互谱矩阵较蒙特卡洛统计方法可提高一个数量级;在高信噪比下,多特征向量约束匹配场声源定位算法在定位准确率和输出峰均比上优于线性匹配场和对角加载的最小方差匹配场声源定位方法。     

Pattern-recognition system,designed on GPU,for discriminating between injured normal and pathological knee cartilage

The aim was to design a pattern-recognition (PR) system for discriminating between normal and pathological knee articular cartilage of the medial femoral (MFC) and tibial condyles (MTC). The data set comprised segmented regions of interest (ROIs) from coronal and sagittal 3-T magnetic resonance images of the MFC and MTC cartilage of young patients, 28 with abnormality-free knee and 16 with pathological findings. The PR system was designed employing the probabilistic neural network classifier, textural features from the segmented ROIs and the leave-one-out evaluation method, while the PR system's precision to “unseen” data was assessed by employing the external cross-validation method. Optimal system design was accomplished on a consumer graphics processing unit (GPU) using Compute Unified Device Architecture parallel programming. PR system design on the GPU required about 3.5 min against 15 h on a CPU-based system. Highest classification accuracies for the MFC and MTC cartilages were 93.2% and 95.5%, and accuracies to “unseen” data were 89% and 86%, respectively. The proposed PR system is housed in a PC, equipped with a consumer GPU, and it may be easily retrained when new verified data are incorporated in its repository and may be of value as a second-opinion tool in a clinical environment.     

电磁脉冲对数字信号处理器的干扰及其防护

为寻找有效的电磁脉冲防护加固措施,首先对电磁脉冲模拟器的干扰路径进行分析,包括数字信号处理器（DSP）与放电回路的共地耦合干扰及共网电耦合干扰,并将结构优化设计、硬件屏蔽加固措施与设置软件陷阱、开启看门狗等抗干扰措施相结合,对数字信号处理器（DSP）内核工作电压、输入/输出（I/O）端口以及显示屏等进行了干扰测试。实验结果表明,采用硬件与软件相结合的防护加固技术后,DSP主板的内核工作电压及I/O端口的干扰脉冲幅值减小,且干扰持续时间由2 s减少到400 ns,干扰脉冲获得了有效抑制。     

Signal-to-noise ratio of a dynamical saturating system: Switching from stochastic resonator to signal processor

We consider an isolated dynamical saturating system for processing a noisy sinusoidal signal, and evaluate its performance with the measure of the signal-to-noise ratio. The considered system is linear for small inputs, but exhibits saturation in its response for large inputs. This nonlinearity displays the nonlinear phenomenon of stochastic resonance for a large biased sinusoid in appropriate system parameter regions. Without the stochastic resonance phenomenon, this dynamical saturating system can achieve a signal-to-noise ratio gain exceeding unity for a noisy unbiased sinusoid. These numerical results manifest the nonlinearities and the signal-processing ability of this system acting as a stochastic resonator or a signal processor.     

A heavy-traffic comparison of shared and segregated buffer schemes for queues with the head-of-line processor-sharing discipline

As network speeds increase and the data traffic becomes more diverse, the need arises for service disciplines that offer fair treatment to diverse applications, while efficiently using resources at high speeds. Disciplines that approximate round-robin or processor-sharing service per channel are well suited for data networks because, over a wide range of time scales, they allocate bandwidth fairly among channels without needing to distinguish between different types of applications. This study is among the few to address head-of-line processor sharing. In most previous models of processor-sharing disciplines, the system immediately serves any arriving message at a rate depending only on the number of messages in the system regardless of how these messages are distributed among the channels. This model is commonly called pure processor sharing. In our model, the server completes the work from a given channel at a rate depending on the number of other channels with work in the system. That is, the service rate depends on how messages are distributed among the channels, and only indirectly on the total number of messages in the system. In this paper, we contrast the buffer requirements of shared and non-shared buffer schemes, when both types of schemes provide head-of-the-line processor-sharing service among channels. We formulate the problem as a system of functions representing the cumulative input and cumulative lost (potential) output to parts of the queueing system and model the vector of input functions as a multi-dimensional Brownian motion. The resulting heavy-traffic approximations predict much larger benefits from sharing buffers than those predicted by pure processor sharing.     

High-Speed Optical Packet Switch with an Optical Digital-to-Analog Conversion-Type Header Processor

We describe a novel type of an optical packet switch with an optical header processor based on optical signal processing and wavelength routing architecture. It consists of an optical digital-to-analog conversion-type header processor, wavelength selection portion with an electrically tunable laser, a wavelength converter based on a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), and wavelength routing by use of an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG), which is called a wavelength label switch (WLS). Wavelength switching of an electrically tunable laser, and wavelength conversion were successfully achieved within a few nanoseconds after recognition of an optical header using a two-bit optical header processor and a FPGA-based wavelength table. High-speed transfer performance of less than a few tens of nanoseconds and BER of less than 10^-10 were verified in the wavelength routing operation among three assigned wavelengths.     

激光测速数字相关信号处理器的研制

激光多普勒测速是当代流速测量技术中最具有实用价值和得到广泛应用的技术。多普勒信号处理器在整套测速系统中起着十分关键的作用。为赶超国际先进水平，本文作者独立研制开发出一种新型信号处理器。该处理器采用数字相关原理，对每个多普勒波群直接完成波群检测和自相关处理，得到其频率值。处理器与微机组成一体，各种参数的设置和控制全部采用软件。实测和应用表明，该信号处理器具有抗噪声能力强、功能完善、结构紧凑、成本低等优点，为实现智能化的信号处理和数据处理结合的激光测速系统创造了条件。     

Ion chromatographic separations of phosphorus species: a review

The aim of this paper is to review recent literature regarding the determination of phosphorus species by ion chromatography (IC), and describe the implementation of new developments in sample treatment and ion chromatography methodology for the analysis of these compounds. Ion-exchange methods using both carbonate/hydrogencarbonate and hydroxide selective columns in combination with self-regenerating membrane and solid-phase-based suppressors enable determination of phosphate down to ppb levels. New technology, particularly on-line electrolytic hydroxide generators and electrolytic self-regenerating suppressor devices, has allowed the use of elution gradients in both carbonate/hydrogencarbonate and hydroxide selective systems, improving sensitivity and reducing total analysis time for samples containing phosphate together with other inorganic anions. In addition to a review of these developments, optimization and application of chromatographic methods using reversed stationary phases and cationic and/or zwitterionic surfactants is also discussed.The objective of most of the IC methods developed for phosphorus species is the determination of phosphate and total phosphorus. Therefore, sample treatment and separation conditions specifically developed for this purpose are also described. In addition, application of IC to the analysis of other inorganic (reduced and condensed) and organic (phytates, alkyl phosphate, and phosphonates) phosphorus species is discussed along with methodology and relevant applications in water analysis and other miscellaneous fields.     

准星光级CCD摄像机的性能分析

介绍了 MTV- 6 318型 CCD摄像机的性能指标和所采用的 Alpha系列 CCD专用 DSP数字处理器的工作原理。同时还分析了 CCD摄像机的 10种特性。