CdS基纳米管光催化氧化5-羟甲基糠醛选择性生成2,5-呋喃二甲醛

将生物质转化为高附加值化学品以替代传统化石能源衍生的碳资源不可再生能源已经引起了人们的广泛关注. 本工作制备了内部中空的ZnS@CdS/Ni纳米管催化剂用于光催化氧化5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF). 通过X射线光电子能谱表征了催化剂内部存在ZnS缺陷态使得ZnS能带带隙降低. 光照条件下, 光生空穴能够从CdS迁移至ZnS缺陷态, 抑制了ZnS@CdS内部的载流子复合, 提高了光催化性能. 中空的纳米管表面负载Ni催化剂可以参与质子还原产氢的反应, 而ZnS@CdS内部产生的空穴可以催化氧化HMF选择性生成2,5-呋喃二甲醛(DFF). 光反应1 h后, HMF的转化率达到36%, 产物DFF选择性为99%, 并且催化剂可以重复利用三次而不降低催化效果.     

糠醛氧化合成糠酸

糠酸作为糠醛的重要下游产品,在食品制造、材料制备、光学技术、药物合成中具有重要的应用,可用于合成防腐剂、增塑剂、热固性树脂、香料以及多种药物。目前,关于糠醛的制备以及催化氢化制备下游产物的综述报道相对较多,但是还没有系统地整理评述糠醛氧化合成糠酸的相关工作。本文综述了近年来以糠醛为主要原料制备糠酸的研究进展情况,讨论了不同催化体系及在不同氧源存在下对糠酸选择性的影响,重点突出了非均相催化剂在糠酸的工业化制备中的应用前景,对糠酸制备的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

电催化氧化制备2,5-呋喃二甲酸

在第75届联合国大会上,我国承诺力争在2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和。主要由光合作用产生的生物质将在双碳目标中扮演重要角色,通过高效转化可衍生出一系列替代化石产品的高值化学品。其中,2,5-呋喃二甲酸(FDCA)由于具有与石油基对苯二甲酸(TPA)相似的共轭碳环和二酸结构,可替代TPA用于合成热稳定性能、气体阻隔性能更优的生物基呋喃聚酯,大幅降低聚酯行业对化石资源的严重依赖。此外,FDCA在医药、香料、金属配位化学方面也有广泛应用,从而被认为是12种最具潜力的生物基平台化合物之一。FDCA通常可由5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)通过催化氧化进行合成。相比于需要贵金属催化剂、高温和高压条件、以化学势作为驱动力的传统热催化方法,电催化氧化采用电极电势作为主要驱动力,是更为绿色和高效的新颖合成方法。本综述对电催化氧化制备FDCA反应所用的贵金属、过渡金属和非金属催化剂进行了总结与分析,梳理了催化剂设计和反应机理的研究脉络,并指出了该领域发展所面临的挑战与机遇。     

Atom-economic Approach to the Synthesis of α-(Hetero)aryl-substituted Furan Derivatives from Biomass

An atom-economic ring construction approach to the synthesis of α-(hetero)arylfurans based on renewable furanic platform chemicals has been developed. Corresponding compounds have been prepared in good to excellent yields via [2+2+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition reactions using metal-catalyzed or photoredox protocols. Easily available HMF-based 2-hydroxymethyl-5-ethynylfuran and 2-hydroxymethyl-5-cyanofuran were used as starting materials. A synthetic route with an improved carbon economy factor has been implemented to achieve sustainability aim. The possible application of arylfurans as molecular conductors has been investigated by DFT calculations, which revealed excellent charge transfer properties. As a future perspective, integration of biomass processing strategy into manufacturing of molecular electronics was pointed out to achieve the aim of sustainability.     

Understanding the Effect of Solvent Environment on the Interaction of Hydronium Ion with Biomass Derived Species: A Molecular Dynamics and Metadynamics Investigation

The addition of aprotic solvents results in higher reactivities and selectivities in many key aqueous phase biomass reactions, including the acid-catalyzed conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxyl methyl furfural (HMF). The addition of certain co-solvents inhibits the formation of humins via preferential solvation of key functional groups and can alter reaction kinetics. An important factor in this context is the relative stability of the hydronium ion (the catalyst) in the vicinity of the biomass moiety as compared to that in bulk, as it could determine its efficacy in the protonation step. Hence, in the present work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of HMF (the model product) and fructose (the model reactant) in acidic water and water-DMSO mixtures are performed to analyze their interaction with the hydronium ions. We show that the presence of DMSO favors the interaction of the hydronium ion with fructose, whereas it has a detrimental effect on the interaction of hydronium ion with HMF. Well-tempered metadynamics (WT-MTD) simulations are performed to determine the relative stability of the hydronium ion in the immediate vicinity of fructose and HMF, as compared to that in the bulk solvent phase, as a function of solvent composition. We find that DMSO improves the stabilization of the hydronium ions in the first solvation shell of fructose compared to that in the bulk solvent. On the other hand, hydronium ions become less stable in the immediate vicinity of HMF, as the concentration of DMSO increases.     

Alkaloids Analysis of Habranthus cardenasianus (Amaryllidaceae), Anti-Cholinesterase Activity and Biomass Production by Propagation Strategies

Plants in the Amaryllidaceae family synthesize a diversity of bioactive alkaloids. Some of these plant species are not abundant and have a low natural multiplication rate. The aims of this work were the alkaloids analysis of a Habranthus cardenasianus bulbs extract, the evaluation of its inhibitory activity against cholinesterases, and to test several propagation strategies for biomass production. Eleven compounds were characterized by GC-MS in the alkaloid extract, which showed a relatively high proportion of tazettine. The known alkaloids tazettine, haemanthamine, and the epimer mixture haemanthidine/6-epi-haemanthidine were isolated and identified by spectroscopic methods. Inhibitory cholinesterases activity was not detected. Three forms of propagation were performed: bulb propagation from seed, cut-induced bulb division, and micropropagated bulbs. Finally, different imbibition and post-collection times were evaluated in seed germination assays. The best propagation method was cut-induced bulb division with longitudinal cuts into quarters (T1) while the best conditions for seed germination were 0-day of post-collection and two days of imbibition. The alkaloids analyses of the H. cardenasianus bulbs showed that they are a source of anti-tumoral alkaloids, especially pretazettine (tazettine) and T1 is a sustainable strategy for its propagation and domestication to produce bioactive alkaloids.     

Copper Nanoparticles In鄄Situ Anchored on Nitrogen鄄Doped Carbon for High鄄Efficiency Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst北大核心CSCD

Compared with noble metal platinum (Pt)-based catalysts, inexpensive non-noble metal electrocatalysts have attracted extensive attention for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, chitosan as a kind of biomass resource rich in nitrogen and carbon was used to prepare nitrogen-doped carbon (N-C) and N-C in-situ anchored by copper nanoparticles (Cu/N-C). The as-obtained N-C and Cu/N-C nanoparticles were successfully used as non-noble eletrocatalysts tested for ORR. Compared with the N-C, the Cu/N-C showed the high surface area of 607.3 m2窑g-1 with the mean pore size of 2.5 nm and the pore volume of 0.40 cm3窑g-1. The most positive Gibbs free energy change was the rate determining step for ORR process with the 4e mechanism, where the value of the Cu (111)/N-C(-0.39 eV) was lower than that of the N-C(-0.26 eV). The Cu/N-C exhibited superior onset and half-wave potentials (0.96 V and 0.84 V, respectively) in alkaline media (0.1 mol窑L-1 KOH), all of which are much better than those measured for N-C and commercial Pt/C. Furthermore, the Cu/N-C showed superior methanol crossover avoidance and oxygen reduction stability. © 2021 Authors. All rights reserved.     

氮掺杂碳原位锚定铜纳米颗粒用于高效氧还原反应催化剂

与贵金属铂基电化学氧还原反应（ORR）催化剂相比,廉价的非贵金属催化剂引起了广泛的关注。本文以壳聚糖作为一种富含氮和碳元素的生物质资源,利用碳浴法成功制备了氮掺杂碳原位负载铜纳米颗粒（Cu/N-C）催化剂。纯壳聚糖碳化得到的样品N-C的比表面积为67.5 m²·g^-1、平均孔径0.14 nm、平均孔体积8.00 m²·g^-1,与之相比,Cu/N-C比表面积可达607.3 m²·g^-1、平均孔径为2.5 nm、平均孔体积为0.40 cm³·g^-1。通过密度泛函理论（DFT）进行计算表明,Cu(111)/N-C的自由能值低于N-C,更有利于氧还原催化进行。在0.1 mol·L^-1 KOH的介质中,Cu/N-C不仅表现出优异的起始和半波电势（分别为0.96 V和0.84 V）,而且还表现出了优异的抗甲醇性能和稳定性,并且Cu元素掺杂量达到1.67wt.%。     

氮掺杂鸡毛碳点荧光关开探针用于测定百草枯

以鸡毛和乙二胺为碳源和氮源,通过一步水热法合成强荧光性能的氮掺杂碳量子点(N-CQDs),并优化其制备和掺杂条件。该碳量子点具有良好的光学、结构性质和稳定性,平均粒径7.89 nm,荧光量子产率为14%。最大激发波长为320 nm,最大发射波长为386 nm。Hg²⁺存在条件下N-CQDs溶液的荧光被猝灭(关),添加百草枯后猝灭的荧光被恢复(开)。通过N-CQDs/Hg²⁺体系设计了荧光"关-开"方法,在最佳条件下,百草枯在0.05~1.0μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性,线性方程为ΔF=92.41X+123.31(R²=0.9989),检出限为16μg/L,加标回收率为95.3%~104.4%,RSD<3.8%。以鸡毛为原料制备的高选择性和灵敏性的荧光"关-开"探针方法可有效检测实际样品中的百草枯。     

Y-Mn-O负载的Ni基催化剂用于乙酸自热重整产氢

为了有效地从生物质衍生的乙酸中获得高氢气产率,通过水热法合成了一系列的NiMnY催化剂并用于乙酸自热重整(ATR)过程中,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附测试、H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)探究催化剂中的内在联系。在Ni_0.39Mn_0.61YO_3.11±δ催化剂中,经焙烧后形成了类钙钛矿型(Ni,Mn)YO3物相;经氢气还原后,转化为含有Mn O、Y₂O₃和高分散Ni纳米粒子的热稳定的Ni-Mn-Y-O物种。Ni_0.39Mn_0.61YO_3.11±δ具有高效稳定的产氢催化性能,乙酸转化率高达100%,氢气产率达到2.68 mol_(H₂)·mol_HAc^-1。