电子能量对沿面介质阻挡放电等离子体化学产物的影响

基于光电倍增管研制了一套无触发信号的双通道光学探测系统, 并组装了测试样机, 实现了对沿面介质阻挡放电(SDBD)等离子体约化电场的测量, 进而通过BOLSIG+软件获得了电子能量. 采用原位紫外吸收光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱, 研究了SDBD等离子体在不同电压和频率下的化学产物的浓度变化, 并结合空气等离子体化学反应揭示了产物相互作用的微观机理. 结果表明, 电子能量能够改变电子碰撞反应的速率系数, 调控化学反应的源头活性粒子的浓度, 进而影响到化学产物的生成和猝灭.     

硅表面活性剂增强的双网络耐高温多孔有机硅弹性体

采用聚醚改性三硅氧烷表面活性剂、 丙烯酸酯改性硅油和水3种组分制备了稳定的油包水(W/O)乳液, 经酸碱催化水解、 紫外引发聚合和干燥除水过程得到了双网络多孔有机硅弹性体. 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析结果表明, 所制备的有机硅弹性体具有丰富的孔径结构分布. 压缩强度测试结果表明, 弹性体具备良好的耐压缩性能, 45%压缩应变下循环50次, 仍具备良好的回弹性能. 有机硅弹性体具有优异的耐高温性能, 分解温度为370 ℃, 高于绝大多数多孔有机硅弹性体材料的分解温度. 丙烯酸酯改性硅油的制备工艺成熟、 廉价易得, 显著降低了多孔有机硅弹性体的生产成本, 为规模性开发有机硅材料提供了新的思路和应用前景.     

A Happy Get-Together – Probing Electrochemical Interfaces by Non-Linear Vibrational Spectroscopy

Electrochemical interfaces are key structures in energy storage and catalysis. Hence, a molecular understanding of the active sites at these interfaces, their solvation, the structure of adsorbates, and the formation of solid-electrolyte interfaces are crucial for an in-depth mechanistic understanding of their function. Vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy has emerged as an operando spectroscopic technique to monitor complex electrochemical interfaces due to its intrinsic interface sensitivity and chemical specificity. Thus, this review discusses the happy get-together between VSFG spectroscopy and electrochemical interfaces. Methodological approaches for answering core issues associated with the behavior of adsorbates on electrodes, the structure of solvent adlayers, the transient formation of reaction intermediates, and the emergence of solid electrolyte interphase in battery research are assessed to provide a critical inventory of highly promising avenues to bring optical spectroscopy to use in modern material research in energy conversion and storage.     

熔盐电化学还原二氧化碳制备碳材料研究进展北大核心CSCD

二氧化碳浓度持续升高导致的温室效应已在全球范围内引发极端天气、冰川融化等一系列生态环境问题。为降低二氧化碳含量,改善气候变暖带来的恶劣影响,研发高效、绿色、安全的二氧化碳处理技术,促进碳资源循环可持续发展刻不容缓。熔盐离子液体作为一种良好的电化学转化介质,为二氧化碳还原提供了一条极具应用前景的技术路线。综述了国内外近几年高温熔盐中二氧化碳的捕获与电化学还原的研究,简述了熔盐电沉积碳的电化学机理和热力学机制,对不同形貌高附加值碳材料:无定形碳、碳球和碳纳米管的制备进行了总结,最后对未来发展方向做出展望。     

含硫高折射率光学树脂合成及性能研究进展

作为无机玻璃的替代品,有机光学树脂具有轻质、抗冲击性好、易加工和可调性强等优点。折射率是光学树脂的主要参数之一,折射率的高低可直接影响成品镜片的厚度、美观性和舒适度。在不降低光学树脂综合性能的基础上提升光学树脂折射率一直是该领域的热点和难点,在光学树脂中引入高摩尔折射率的硫元素被认为是最有效和常用的方法之一。本文将含硫光学树脂分为烯烃类、环氧类、环硫类、多环类和聚氨酯类,简要综述了国内外近几年的研究进展,涉及单体合成、单体聚合以及单体结构对光学树脂综合性能影响,系统总结了以上材料的特性及发展。     

Determination of 12 additives in beverages by evaporation-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplets combined with liquid chromatographyEI北大核心CSCD

An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 12 additives in beverages was developed using evaporation-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplets EVA-DLLME-SFOcombined with high performance liquid chromatography HPLC. The samples were extracted twice with 70%V/Vmethanol aqueous solution and extracted by EVA-DLLME-SFO method after the combination of the extractsand finally determined by HPLC. Extraction parameterssuch as types and amounts of extractantevaporant and heating agentthe concentration of saltand the extraction time were optimized. Under the optimized conditionsthere were good relationships in the ange of 0.25-50 μµg/mL with the limits of detection of 1.5 to 13.6 mg/kg and limits of quantification of 5.2 to 45.3 mg/kg. The recoveries at three spiked levels1025 and 50 mg/kgwere 76.8% to 101.2% with the relative standard deviations of 0.11% to 4.7%. The method can be used for rapid detection of 12 additives in beverages. © 2022, Youke Publishing Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.     

表面限域掺杂提升高比能正极材料稳定性

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have broad applications in a wide variety of a fields pertaining to energy storage devices. In line with the increasing demand in emerging areas such as long-range electric vehicles and smart grids, there is a continuous effort to achieve high energy by maximizing the reversible capacity of electrode materials, particularly cathode materials. However, in recent years, with the continuous enhancement of battery energy density, safety issues have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers, becoming a non-negligible factor in determining whether the electric vehicle industry has a foothold. The key issue in the development of battery systems with high specific energies is the intrinsic instability of the cathode, with the accompanying question of safety. The failure mechanism and stability of high-specific-capacity cathode materials for the next generation of LIBs, including nickel-rich cathodes, high-voltage spinel cathodes, and lithium-rich layered cathodes, have attracted extensive research attention. Systematic studies related to the intrinsic physical and chemical properties of different cathodes are crucial to elucidate the instability mechanisms of positive active materials. Factors that these studies must address include the stability under extended electrochemical cycles with respect to dissolution of metal ions in LiPF₆-based electrolytes due to HF corrosion of the electrode; cation mixing due to the similarity in radius between Li⁺ and Ni²⁺; oxygen evolution when the cathode is charged to a high voltage; the origin of cracks generated during repeated charge/discharge processes arising from the anisotropy of the cell parameters; and electrolyte decomposition when traces of water are present. Regulating the surface nanostructure and bulk crystal lattice of electrode materials is an effective way to meet the demand for cathode materials with high energy density and outstanding stability. Surface modification treatment of positive active materials can slow side reactions and the loss of active material, thereby extending the life of the cathode material and improving the safety of the battery. This review is targeted at the failure mechanisms related to the electrochemical cycle, and a synthetic strategy to ameliorate the properties of cathode surface locations, with the electrochemical performance optimized by accurate surface control. From the perspective of the main stability and safety issues of high-energy cathode materials during the electrochemical cycle, a detailed discussion is presented on the current understanding of the mechanism of performance failure. It is crucial to seek out favorable strategies in response to the failures. Considering the surface structure of the cathode in relation to the stability issue, a newly developed protocol, known as surface-localized doping, which can exist in different states to modify the surface properties of high-energy cathodes, is discussed as a means of ensuring significantly improved stability and safety. Finally, we envision the future challenges and possible research directions related to the stability control of next-generation high-energy cathode materials.     

PtRuAgCoNi高熵合金纳米颗粒高效电催化氧化5-羟甲基糠醛

5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)的电催化氧化被认为是合成2,5-呋喃二甲酸(FDCA)最环保、经济和有效的方法之一,它可作为聚呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEF)的生物基前体。在这项工作中,我们通过低温溶剂热法合成了PtRuAgCoNi高熵合金纳米颗粒,并在不改变颗粒结构和组成的情况下进行了简易的处理以去除表面活性剂。负载在碳载体上的合金纳米催化剂无论是否含有表面活性剂在HMF电催化氧化为FDCA的过程中都表现出比商业Pt/C更好的催化性能。且表面活性剂的去除可以进一步提高其电催化性能,表明高熵合金纳米粒子在电催化和绿色化学中具有广阔的应用前景。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法快速分析三子散的入血成分及代谢产物

蒙药三子散由诃子、川楝子、栀子3味药材等比例组成,其临床用药主要采用口服给药方式,药物在体内的吸收、分布、代谢、排泄过程与药物发挥药理作用和疗效的产生密切相关,因此考察灌胃给药后的入血成分有助于阐明三子散的药效物质基础。研究采用血清药物化学研究思路,将Wistar大鼠分成空白组和给药组,给药组给予三子散水提物,腹主动脉取血,离心制备血清样品,采用高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(HPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS),在SHIMADZU GIST C₁₈色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)上进行色谱分离;以甲醇和0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,柱温30 ℃,流速0.5 mL/min,进样量10 μL,采用加热电喷雾电离(HESI)源,正、负离子同时扫描。通过比对三子散含药血清和空白血清的图谱差异,查阅数据库、各类成分体内代谢途径、三子散成分的相关文献,采用Xcalibur 3.0软件进行峰提取、峰匹配等质谱数据处理,结合Compound Discover 3.0软件对化合物代谢途径的预测分析和裂解规律的推断,解析三子散水提液经大鼠灌胃后血清中的原型成分和代谢产物。结果表明,在给药大鼠血清样品中鉴定出55种入血成分,其中41种原型成分,14种代谢产物。入血的原型成分主要为鞣质类、环烯醚萜类和小分子酚酸类。该研究较为全面地阐释了三子散水提液在大鼠血中的移行成分,有助于揭示三子散的药效物质基础,为该药的临床应用提供参考。