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961.
H.-L. Xu Z.-K. Jiang S. Svanberg 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2003,23(3):323-326
Natural radiative lifetimes of eight levels in Tm I ( 4f
135d6p and 4f
125d6s
2 configurations), two levels in Tm II ( 4f
125d6s configuration) and three levels in Tm III (4f
125d configuration) have been measured by using time-resolved laser spectroscopy. Free thulium atoms, as well as singly and doubly
ionized ions, were obtained in a laser-induced thulium plasma and the investigated states were selectively populated by a
single-step excitation process with a tunable narrow-band laser pulse.
Received 20 August 2002 / Received in final form 7 January 2003 Published online 4 March 2003
RID="a"
ID="a"e-mail: huailiang.xu@fysik.lth.se 相似文献
962.
This paper studies denumerable state continuous-time controlled Markov chains with the discounted reward criterion and a Borel action space. The reward and transition rates are unbounded, and the reward rates are allowed to take positive or negative values. First, we present new conditions for a nonhomogeneous Q(t)-process to be regular. Then, using these conditions, we give a new set of mild hypotheses that ensure the existence of -optimal (0) stationary policies. We also present a martingale characterization of an optimal stationary policy. Our results are illustrated with controlled birth and death processes. 相似文献
963.
The Spherical Code (SC) problem has many important applications in such fields as physics, molecular biology, signal transmission, chemistry, engineering and mathematics. This paper presents a bilevel optimization formulation of the SC problem. Based on this formulation, the concept of balanced spherical code is introduced and a new approach, the Point Balance Algorithm (PBA), is presented to search for a 1-balanced spherical code. Since an optimal solution of the SC problem (an extremal spherical code) must be a 1-balanced spherical code, PBA can be applied easily to search for an extremal spherical code. In addition, given a certain criterion, PBA can generate efficiently an approximate optimal spherical code on a sphere in the n-dimensional space
n. Some implementation issues of PBA are discussed and putative global optimal solutions of the Fekete problem in 3, 4 and 5-dimensional space are also reported. Finally, an open question about the geometry of Fekete points on the unit sphere in the 3-dimensional space is posed. 相似文献
964.
Matthew Harris 《Journal of Theoretical Probability》2001,14(2):299-317
We consider a Poisson point process on
with intensity , and at each Poisson point we place a two sided mirror of random length and orientation. The length and orientation of a mirror is taken from a fixed distribution, and is independent of the lengths and orientations of the other mirrors. We ask if light shone from the origin will remain in a bounded region. We find that there exists a
with 0 <
< for which, if
<
, light leaving the origin in all but a countable number of directions will travel arbitrariliy far from the origin with positive probability. Also, if
>
, light from the origin will almost surely remain in a bounded region. 相似文献
965.
In pulsed EPR, spectral contributions from several species in one sample can be separated based on different EPR transition probabilities. This is usually done by monitoring the Rabi nutations in a 2D experiment. By using long pulses, the FID and echo shapes of species with different transition probabilities differ significantly, including temporal shifts of the observed echo signals in a two-pulse ESE experiment. These shifts can be used to disentangle spectral components in a 1D field-swept ESE experiment by choosing an appropriate detection time. This approach is demonstrated by experiments on a sample containing Mn(2+) and Cr(3+) centers as well as on an exchange-coupled Mn(III)/Mn(IV) system with Mn(2+) contaminations. 相似文献
966.
从二维系统的Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) 相变理论出发,在关联长度中引入热激活能和平均钉扎高度,提出了修正的KT相变模型.该模型与库伦气体标度理论和Halperin-Nelson关系具有一致性.应用修正的KT相变模型研究磁场下Tl2Ba2CaCu2Ox(Tl-2212)薄膜电阻转变的标度行为,发现由电阻转变计算得到的平均钉扎高度与温度具有线性依赖关系,实验结果支持修正的KT相变模型.
关键词:
标度行为
各向异性超导体
电阻转变 相似文献
967.
968.
用熔融共混法制备了不同组分的聚苯乙烯(PS)与聚氧化乙烯(PEO)共混物(PS/PEO).在玻璃转变温度Tg及其以上温区,利用相对能量耗散技术研究了该共混物的动力学行为.结果发现,在能量耗散-温度曲线上出现了两个弛豫型的耗散峰(α峰和α′峰).分析表明,α峰是与PS玻璃转变有关的特征耗散峰; α′峰则对应于一种“液-液转变”.两者的弛豫时间τ都不满足Arrhenius关系.此外,还研究了组分对这两个弛豫型耗散峰的影响,并给予了定性的解释.
关键词:
相对能量耗散
玻璃转变
力学弛豫 相似文献
969.
970.