熔融制样X射线荧光光谱法测定水泥及水泥熟料中成分

采用波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪测定水泥和水泥熟料中的Na2O、MgO、A12O3、SiO2、P2Os、SO3、K2O、CaO、TiO2、MnO、Fe2O3等成分。采用熔融玻璃片方法制样,采用Li2B4O7为熔剂,较混合熔剂的制样效果好;硫在1050℃熔融制样过程中的挥发较慢,对测定结果无明显影响。方法测定准确度、精密度较好,所得结果与湿法化学分析结果相符。     

水泥样品的ICP-AES法同时多组分检测研究

水泥化学分析的传统方法,实验过程冗长。本文研究了以王水+氢氟酸+高氯酸+盐酸溶样及采用水泥标准样品配制工作用标准溶液,建立了水泥样品中CaO,MgO,Fe₂O₃,Al₂O₃和TiO₂五种组分含量快速测定的等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)。讨论了基体干扰、元素的光谱干扰的影响。研究了方法的检出限和精密度,方法的检出限为3.79×10-4μg·mL-1～1.07×10-2μg·mL-1,回收率为87.5%～105.6%,RSD小于1%。研究结果表明,该方法能满足快速检验的要求。     

泄漏Lamb波在固井质量评价中的应用

轻质水泥在油气田固井中的广泛应用使得传统声阻抗测井方式难以准确地对固井水泥胶结质量作出评价。本文基于弯曲型Lamb波传播特征对层状介质胶结质量较为敏感的特点,首先对套管井建立合适的层状介质模型,计算了层状介质的平面波反射系数,从反射系数的角度探讨了在套管井内激发弯曲型Lamb波的条件。然后依据该条件并结合声波角谱理论计算了稳态有限宽脉冲束入射时在套管井内产生的弯曲型Lamb波泄漏波的时间波列信号。通过对泄漏波波列信号的分析,得到了弯曲型Lamb波与套管井水泥胶结质量间的关系。研究表明,入射声波在满足一定条件下可以在套管内激发弯曲型Lamb波,其传播时的衰减率与套管水泥胶结质量以及水泥的声学参数均相关,当水泥为轻质水泥或者普通水泥时,其衰减率随着套管水泥间水层厚度的增加而减小,当水泥为快水泥时,其衰减率随着水层厚度的减小而增加,但当水层厚度减为零即套管水泥胶结良好情况下,其衰减率转而变小。     

A micromechanical model for porous materials with a reinforced matrix

In this study a micromechanical model is proposed for ductile porous material whose matrix is reinforced by small inclusions. The solid phase is described by a pressure sensitive plastic model. Based on works of Maghous et al. [6], a macroscopic plastic criterion is firstly obtained by using a two-step homogenization procedure. The effect of porosity at the mesoscale and the influence of inclusions at the microscale are taken into account simultaneously by this criterion. With a non-associated plastic flow rule, the micro-macro model is applied to modeling of mechanical behavior of a cement paste. In particular, we have considered at the microscopic scale the formation of calcite grains by carbonation process in the solid matrix. The studied cement paste is then seen as a reinforced matrix–pore system. Comparisons between numerical results and experimental data show that the proposed model is able to capture the main features of the mechanical behavior of the studied material.     

水泥生料品质激光在线检测设备研制

水泥质量的优劣直接影响到建筑工程的安全,使用品质合格的水泥材料是保证工程结构质量的必要前提,因此快速检测水泥生料成份对于及时指导调整原料配比和保障水泥产品品质具有重要意义。传统的生料检测需要经过取样、制样、化验等环节,检测结果严重滞后于生产。我们通过产学研协同攻关,研制了一套基于激光诱导击穿光谱(laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS)技术的水泥生料品质在线检测设备,该设备由LIBS光学检测系统和气动取送样系统两部分组成,实现了对水泥生产线上水泥生料品质的实时连续测量,避免了传统的取制样环节,从而大大缩短了化验时间,所测水泥生料成分的实时数据能够及时指导调整水泥原料的配比,保证水泥质量的合格。我们利用该LIBS水泥品质在线检测设备对水泥生产线上生料中的主成分Al₂O₃,CaO,Fe₂O₃,MgO和SiO₂进行了定量分析,利用全谱归一化和支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)对水泥生料建立定标模型,对水泥生料中Al₂O₃,CaO,Fe₂O₃,MgO和SiO₂测量的最大误差分别是0.34%,0.35%,0.07%,0.14%和0.55%。现场实验结果表明,本水泥生料品质激光在线检测设备的测量结果与传统化验法的结果相吻合,测量精度与X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)相接近,从而证实了LIBS可以作为水泥在线检测的一种有前景的方法。     

EB/UV treatment of protective coatings for porous materials

A method for improving surface properties of porous inorganic materials is presented. The method is particularly tailored to cement-based materials in order to obtain properties suitable for mechanical applications such as dies manufacturing, where hardness, abrasion resistance and low friction are requested. The coating system is based upon using two coatings of different characteristics. The underlying base coating layer is infiltrated in air on three different formulations of hardened cement composite. Two different bi-component resins, one relatively soft and the other relatively hard, were tested as underlying surface coating. The outer surface coating, based upon a bi-component resin characterized by high hardness, is added after hardening and curing of the first layer. Both coatings were chemically hardened and then cured with EB. UV curing is also suitable for the outer surface coating. An experimental campaign was carried out in order to evaluate the influence of radiation processing as curing treatment with reference to particular investigated materials. Hardness and resistance to peeling of coating systems have been measured and are presented.     

湿度对水泥生料近红外光谱检测的影响及补偿方法

近红外光谱检测已被应用于水泥生料成分的快速检测,但现场环境中的湿度等因素会对光谱产生干扰,从而降低检测精度。为了提高检测精度,在实验分析湿度对水泥生料近红外光谱检测影响的基础上研究了补偿方法。在水泥厂选取了24份水泥生料样本,其中18份作为校正集,6份作为验证集;水泥生料中的有效成分为SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3和CaCO3,各成分含量的标准值由X射线荧光光谱分析测出。首先,将校正集的18份样本每份重复装样测5次光谱,用得到的90个光谱建立模型Ⅰ;再每份样品制作5个湿度梯度样本,其获得过程为,先将样本放置在电加热平台上,用玻璃棒将样本摊平,180℃下加热30 min,再将样本放置在散热片上进行降温,待样品恢复室温后取出进行第一次光谱扫描,得到1个光谱,将测量后的样本放入搅拌器,使用装有去离子水的喷雾器对其喷雾两次,然后搅拌30 s混合均匀,测量混合后的样本得到下一个光谱,重复该过程,得到具有湿度梯度的5个光谱。所有样本均采用烘干法进行湿度测量,样本湿度变化区间在0.6%~2%以内。对每个湿度梯度的样本测量1次,用得到的这90个光谱建立模型Ⅱ。然后,将验证集的6份样本每份制作5个湿度梯度,获取方式与校正集相同,对每个湿度梯度的样本测量1次,得到30个光谱。所有光谱均采用多元散射校正预处理,拟合波段选择4000~5000 cm^-1,建模方法采用偏最小二乘法。比较同一份样本的5个湿度梯度,可以看到在5200 cm^-1处光谱差异最大,在其他位置也有肉眼可见的明显差异,因此,湿度变化对全波段光谱有明显的影响。最后,将这30个光谱输入模型Ⅰ与模型Ⅱ进行验证,并对比模型Ⅰ与模型Ⅱ的预测均方根误差RMSEP。模型Ⅱ中SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3和CaCO3的预测均方根误差RMSEP比模型Ⅰ分别减小了25%,31.3%,33.3%和25%。实验结果表明,水泥生料样本湿度对近红外光谱模型的预测结果具有一定的影响,采用具有湿度梯度的样本进行建模可有效降低湿度对预测结果的影响。     

Development of Portland Limestone Cement (PLC) in India using different composition of cement and marginal grade limestone: A sustainable approach

In this study, Portland Limestone Cement (PLC) was synthesized by inter-grinding method Portland clinker (PC) with two grades of limestone individually; Cement grade (LS-CG) and Marginal grade (LS-MG) at varying dosages of 0, 10, 15, 20, and 30% by weight, along with a fixed amount (5% by weight) of Gypsum-GYP. It was found that the growth of finer and wider particles was enhanced by increasing both grades of limestone (LS-CG and LS-MG). However, as Limestone per cent exceeded up to 30% in PLC, the normal consistency and specific gravity decreased in the PLC. Investigations suggested that PLC blends with up to 20% addition of LS-CG and LS-MG have qualified the specifications stipulated for blended cement in India as per the Bureau of Indian Standards. It was also observed that the compressive strength of PLC was found to be strongly associated with the 5.5 μm and 3.27 μm particles of PLC. This research suggests that LS-MG can be used to produce PLC.     

CO2 storage in cement and concrete by mineral carbonation

The production of cement is responsible for about 8% of man-made CO₂ emissions. CO₂ fixation by mineral carbonation in Ca- and Mg-rich raw materials such as cement-based concrete in various stages of its lifetime and magnesium silicate-based rocks (e.g. olivine) can provide a significant and long-lasting sink of CO₂. Carbonated material can be used in novel construction materials, which potentially could even be CO₂ negative. Despite first applications beyond pilot stage, further research is needed to reach economically and environmentally friendly processes. The properties of the novel construction materials, their reaction mechanisms, suitable mix designs, mechanical properties, and durability need to be explored further.     

超声脉冲窄带激励的水泥环第二界面探测方法*

如何评价水泥环的第二界面固井质量一直是声波测井领域的世界性难题。本文利用有限元方法研究了基于超声脉冲反射法的水泥环第二界面固井质量探测方法。数值模拟了不同声源脉冲宽度及不同声阻抗地层对第二界面超声反射回波的影响。研究结果表明采用窄带的激励信号源可有效的提高水泥环第二界面反射波回波幅度,有望解决水泥环第二界面固井质量评价问题。制作了水泥环第二界面具有胶结缺陷的实验室样品及大型固井质量刻度井,在此基础上开展了基于窄带超声脉冲激励的实验室及刻度井群实验研究。实验结果表明满足水泥环第一界固井质量良好条件,采用窄带的超声脉冲回波技术可有效评价水泥环第二界面固井质量。