水泥生料品质激光在线检测设备研制

水泥质量的优劣直接影响到建筑工程的安全,使用品质合格的水泥材料是保证工程结构质量的必要前提,因此快速检测水泥生料成份对于及时指导调整原料配比和保障水泥产品品质具有重要意义。传统的生料检测需要经过取样、制样、化验等环节,检测结果严重滞后于生产。我们通过产学研协同攻关,研制了一套基于激光诱导击穿光谱(laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS)技术的水泥生料品质在线检测设备,该设备由LIBS光学检测系统和气动取送样系统两部分组成,实现了对水泥生产线上水泥生料品质的实时连续测量,避免了传统的取制样环节,从而大大缩短了化验时间,所测水泥生料成分的实时数据能够及时指导调整水泥原料的配比,保证水泥质量的合格。我们利用该LIBS水泥品质在线检测设备对水泥生产线上生料中的主成分Al₂O₃,CaO,Fe₂O₃,MgO和SiO₂进行了定量分析,利用全谱归一化和支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)对水泥生料建立定标模型,对水泥生料中Al₂O₃,CaO,Fe₂O₃,MgO和SiO₂测量的最大误差分别是0.34%,0.35%,0.07%,0.14%和0.55%。现场实验结果表明,本水泥生料品质激光在线检测设备的测量结果与传统化验法的结果相吻合,测量精度与X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)相接近,从而证实了LIBS可以作为水泥在线检测的一种有前景的方法。     

Review of methodological and experimental LIBS techniques for coal analysis and their application in power plants in China

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an emerging analytical spectroscopy technique. This review presents the main recent developments in China regarding the implementation of LIBS for coal analysis. The paper mainly focuses on the progress of the past few years in the fundamentals, data pretreatment, calibration model, and experimental issues of LIBS and its application to coal analysis. Many important domestic studies focusing on coal quality analysis have been conducted. For example, a proposed novel hybrid quantification model can provide more reproducible quantitative analytical results; the model obtained the average absolute errors (AREs) of 0.42%, 0.05%, 0.07%, and 0.17% for carbon, hydrogen, volatiles, and ash, respectively, and a heat value of 0.07 MJ/kg. Atomic/ionic emission lines and molecular bands, such as CN and C₂, have been employed to generate more accurate analysis results, achieving an ARE of 0.26% and a 0.16% limit of detection (LOD) for the prediction of unburned carbon in fly ashes. Both laboratory and on-line LIBS apparatuses have been developed for field application in coal-fired power plants. We consider that both the accuracy and the repeatability of the elemental and proximate analysis of coal have increased significantly and further efforts will be devoted to realizing large-scale commercialization of coal quality analyzer in China.