Studies of the Methane Steam Reforming Reaction at High Pressure in a Ceramic Membrane Reactor

The effects of temperature and pressure on the steam reforming of methane 3H2+CO) were investigated in a membrane reactor (MR) with a hydrogen permeable membrane. The studies used a novel silica-based membrane prepared by using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique with a permeance for H2 of 6.0×l0-8 mol·m-2·s-1·Pa-1 at 923 K. The results in a packed-bed reactor (PBR) were compared to those of the membrane reactor at various temperatures (773-923 K) and pressures (1-20 atm, 101.3-2026.5 kPa) using a commercial Ni/MgAl2O4 catalyst. The conversion of methane was improved significantly in the MR by the countercurrent removal of hydrogen at all temperatures and allowed product yields higher than the equilibrium to be obtained. Pressure had a positive effect on the hydrogen yield because of the increase in driving force for the permeance of hydrogen. The yield of hydrogen increased with pressure and reached a value of 73×10-6 mol·g-1·s-1 at 2026.5 kPa and 923 K which was higher by 108% than the value of 35×10-6 mol·g-1·s-1 obtained for the equilibrium yield. The results obtained with the silica-based membrane were similar to those obtained with various other membranes as reported in the literature.     

Li^+, Mg^2^+/Cl^-, SO4^2^——H2O四元体系(25℃)的介稳平衡

本文用等温蒸发的方法,研究了 Li~+,Mg~(2+)∥Cl~-,SO_4~(3-)-H_2O 体系(25℃)介稳相平衡,绘制了介稳相图,测定了密度、粘度、折光率、电导率和某些液相点的蒸汽压.该介稳相图由六个结晶区构成,即 LiCl·H_2O、LiCl·MgCl_2·7H_2O、MgCl_2·6H_2O、Li_2SO_4·H_2O、MgSO_4·7H_2O 和 MgSO_4·6H_2O相区.该体系的25℃介稳相图和稳定相图的差异是,新结晶区 MgSO_4·6H_2O 的出现,使 Li_2SO_4·H_2O 相区扩大,其它相区缩小.根据 Pitzer 电解质溶液理论,用单纯形法在 M68000计算机上进行了体系溶解度关系的计算,并获得了计算的溶解度数据,绘制了计算的相图.     

纳米金催化剂的抗水性能和抗硫中毒性能

与Au/Al2O3相比,复合载体负载的Au/FeOx/Al2O3具有更高的催化CO氧化的低温活性和稳定性,且表现出湿度增强效果,水分压为550~1 600 Pa时催化剂活性较高.在完全无水的环境中,催化剂发生快速不可逆失活;在饱和水汽的环境中,催化剂发生缓慢可逆失活.在水汽作用下的失活与纳米金粒子的粒径长大有关.助剂对催化剂抗水性能影响不大,但对抗硫中毒性能的影响较大.Au/CeO2/Al2O3催化剂显示有最佳的抗硫中毒性能.催化剂表面硫化物和硫酸盐的生成是导致催化剂不可逆硫中毒失活的主要原因.     

用选择离子流动管质谱测定汽油和柴油蒸汽成分

采用选择离子流动管质谱(SIFT／MS)装置，以H30^ 、N0^ 为初始离子对汽油和柴油蒸汽进行了研究，质谱分析表明，汽油和柴油主要由C—H化合物组成，包括烷烃、环烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、二烯烃以及芳香烃。在这几种成分中，烷烃都占有最大的比例；汽油蒸汽和柴油蒸汽最大的区别是柴油蒸汽中长链大分子的挥发性C—H化合物所占的比例远远高于汽油蒸汽。文中还给出了以H30^ 、N0^ 为初始离子所得到的汽油蒸汽的质谱图，以及汽油、柴油蒸汽中各种成分的定量分析结果。     

MoO_3（MOVS）系列催化剂上喹啉的加氯脱氮

将金属氧化物蒸汽合成法（ＭｅｔａｌＯｘｉｄｅＶａｐｏｕｒＳｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓＭＯＶＳ）制各的Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ（ＭＯＶＳ）－Ｐ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂用于喹啉的加氧脱氮（ＨＤＮ）。结果表明，与常规方法制备的同类催化剂相比，ＭＯＶＳ催化剂具有较高的ＨＤＮ活性，主要表现在Ｃ－Ｎ键断裂和苯环加氢催化活性的提高。在负载高含量ＭｏＯ３方面，ＭＯＶＳ方法还有待进一步完善。文章还讨论了制备条件（酸度，载体种类等）对催化活性的影响。     

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Effect of Moisture on Methane Adsorption and Desorption by Activated Carbon at 273.5 K

Adsorption and desorption of methane by activated carbon (AC) at constant temperature and at various pressures were investigated. The effect of moisture was also studied. A volumetric method was used, up to 40 bar, at a temperature of 273.5 K. Results of a dry AC sample were compared with those obtained from a moist sample and two different ACs with different physical and surface properties were used. As expected, the results showed that the existence of moisture, trapped in the AC pores, could lead to a decrease in the amount of methane adsorbed and a decrease in the amount of methane delivered during desorption. To model the experimental results, a large variety of adsorption isotherms were used. The regressed parameters for the adsorption isotherms were obtained using the experimental data generated in the present study. The accuracy of the results obtained from the different adsorption isotherms was favorably compared.     

聚酰亚胺中空纤维膜用于甲醇/甲基叔丁基醚的分离

甲醇／甲基叔丁基醚混合物的膜法分离，大多采用渗透汽化方法，少有采用蒸汽渗透法。用聚酰亚胺中空纤维膜，对以蒸汽渗透和渗透汽化两种方式分离甲醇／甲基叔丁基醚混合物（甲醇质量分数为0．01－0．30）的效果进行了对比。结果显示，在甲醇质量分数低于0．05时，蒸汽渗透较渗透汽化法的分离性能优越。     

吸附式增湿饱和器

本文介绍了美国GE公司DPG—300分流湿度发生器的工作原理。针对该发生器的增湿饱和度不够的缺陷,提出了改进措施。改进的方法是通过在增湿饱和器内放置能够吸附水的吸附材料而实现的。     

房间空调器加湿技术的研究现状

空调在制冷和制热时,都会使房间内的湿度降低,较低的相对湿度对室内空气质量、室内人员健康及空调能耗等有着直接或间接的影响。综述了低湿度的相关影响,并对有关加湿技术在空调中的应用现状进行分析,指出现有空调加湿中存在的一些问题,为有关加湿空调的研究提供一些依据。并提出了一种应用于家用柜式空调器中的超声波雾化加湿装置。     

蒸汽相转化法原位诱导沸石化制备Y-ZSM-5双沸石复合物

针对Y型沸石在ZSM-5沸石干胶制备及晶化过程中易于溶解、坍塌的问题,采用葡萄糖在水热处理条件下对Y沸石进行包膜处理,提高了Y沸石在高温、高碱度环境中的稳定性,并采用蒸汽相转化法制备了同时含有Y和ZSM-5的双沸石复合物。对影响沸石复合物形成的因素如Y沸石表面碳包膜改性、凝胶碱度、晶化时间等进行了详细讨论。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅立叶变换红外（FT-IR）、N₂吸附-脱附,能谱（EDS）以及NH₃-TPD等手段对制备的材料进行了表征。结果表明通过蒸汽相转化法能获得Y和ZSM-5两相共存的双沸石复合物,产物中的ZSM-5沸石相前驱体随蒸汽处理时间的延长逐渐从蠕虫状无定型向纳米多晶ZSM-5沸石转变,纳米多晶聚集体与Y型沸石晶粒之间紧密相连,相互包埋。在异丙苯催化裂化反应中,合成的沸石复合物的活性和稳定性介于Y和ZSM-5之间,优于对应的机械混合物。