纤维素纳米晶体薄膜的制备与表征

讨论了两种新型纤维素纳米晶体(Cellulose nanocrystal,CNC)薄膜的制备方法:浸没法和旋涂法,并利用红外反射吸收光谱(Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy,IRRAS)和原子力显微镜(Atomic force microscopy,AFM)对其进行表征。AFM高度图显示两种工艺制备的CNC薄膜均由棒状的CNC纳米颗粒交错叠加而成。实验结果显示,旋涂法制备的薄膜更加光滑,粗糙度RMS约为2.7 nm。由于带电颗粒间斥力的存在,浸没法制备的CNC膜厚度最大约为15 nm,而旋涂法可以得到更厚的CNC薄膜,其厚度可达50 nm以上。研究CNC悬浮液浓度与旋涂法CNC膜厚之间的关系后发现,可以通过改变CNC溶液的浓度对薄膜厚度进行控制。IRRAS结果也证实随着CNC悬浮液浓度的增加,旋涂薄膜的厚度随之增加。     

单层类水滑石纳米片的可控合成及规模生产展望

水滑石(LDHs)是一种阴离子黏土材料,由于其主体层板厚度的可调性,使其在光/电催化、电池、超级电容器、传感器以及生物医药等领域都具有广泛应用。降低层厚至单层可使材料的物理化学性质发生根本改变,从而优化催化性能。近期研究表明,利用自上而下,自下而上的方法,可以实现单层LDHs类材料的合成,但是受限于产量(g级)以及成本设备等问题,目前规模化制备高质量单层LDHs类材料还没有工业案例。成核晶化隔离法是目前唯一规模化合成纳米LDHs的工业化方法,具有成本低,产量可吨级放大等优点。本综述从合成方法、表征手段、应用三个角度讨论了单层及超薄LDHs的精准调控,详细论述了近期关于单层及超薄LDHs合成突破以及LDHs的规模化生产进展,并对其性能进行了总结,为后续设计高性能单层LDHs提供思路。     

Preparation of high performance thin-film polarizers

<正>The optical performance of thin film polarizers is highly sensitive to the layer thicknesses of thin film.The thicknesses of the sensitive layers are optimized in order to gain broader polarizing zone in such case when the total layer thickness does not increase.An automatic layer thickness control system is established,and errors caused by different monitoring methods are analyzed.With this thickness control system,thin-film polarizers with T_p higher than 98%and T_p/T_s higher than 200:1(T_p and T_s are transmissions for p- and s-polarizations,respectively) with the bandwidth of 11 nm are prepared.Using the system allows for optimum repeatability of three successive runs.     

Influence of spacer layer thickness on the current-voltage characteristics of pseudomorphic AlAs/In0.53Ga0.47As/InAs resonant tunnelling diodes

This paper investigates the dependence of current voltage characteristics of AlAs/In0.53Ga0.47As/InAs resonant tunnelling diodes （RTDs） on spacer layer thickness. It finds that the peak and the valley current density J in the negative differential resistance （NDR） region depends strongly on the thickness of the spacer layer. The measured peak to valley current ratio of RTDs studied here is shown to improve while the current density through RTDs decreases with increasing spacer layer thickness below a critical value.     

水下声成像PVDF—DMOS换能器

本文通过研制水下声成像PVDF-DMOS集成接收换能器,分析了高分子压电薄膜在水声中应用的新途径及其组成换能器的振动模式,建立了机电等效电路图.并分析了影响器件灵敏度的诸因素.介绍了本工作的测量结果,评价了器件的特性.本文可供设计各种PPDF压电换能器、传感器时参考.     

基于6S模型的遥感影像逐像元大气纠正算法

大气纠正的目的是从遥感影像中去除大气影响,并反演获取地物真实反射率。介绍了一种逐像元对遥感影像进行大气纠正的算法,该算法基于6S(Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum)大气辐射传输模型计算建立的查找表(look-up table),并利用地面暗目标(dark object)进行陆地气溶胶光学厚度的自动反演,由于气溶胶的分布具有空间连续性,在获取地面暗目标气溶胶光学厚度值后,通过空间插值的方法计算影像中非暗目标像元的气溶胶光学厚度值,经过查找表二次插值计算,逐像元进行大气纠正并获取像元地表反射率值。以Landsat5遥感影像为例,介绍了算法流程,展示了大气纠正的结果。结果显示,利用查找表逐像元大气纠正的算法,能够在一定程度上去除云雾对影像的影响,更加精确的对遥感影像进行大气纠正并获取地物的真实反射率。     

一种可实现薄膜厚度在线测量的方法

介绍了一种测量固体薄膜厚度的光学方法。该方法具有测量速度快、可实现在线测量等特点。为解决薄膜生产过程中厚度在线检测问题,构造了一套软硬件实验系统,利用该系统进行实验的结果表明:在10~100μm厚度范围,测量误差小于10%,满足实际生产需要。     

非相干光纤激光组束中光栅参数的确定

光栅衍射效率是非相干光纤激光组束系统的关键,理论分析和数值仿真表明光栅衍射效率随着光栅频率和光栅厚度的减小而增大。全面综合考虑光栅频率应该选取在200mm-1和400mm-1之间,光栅厚度在1mm到2mm之间。同时提出了一种不等间隔方法提高系统总体衍射效率,该方法较等间隔条件下衍射效率提高了0.1651。     

金刚石膜厚度尺寸对热残余应力的影响

 采用有限元方法对钼基体上不同厚度（20~1 000 μm）金刚石膜的热残余应力进行了全面的模拟与分析，得出了它们在膜内分布的等值线图，研究了金刚石膜厚度尺寸对整个膜内的最大主拉应力和界面处每个应力分量最大值的影响。结果表明：在整个膜内，最大主拉应力的位置出现在膜的表面、界面或侧面，其值随膜厚度的增加而增大；在界面处，最大轴向应力随膜厚度的增加而增大，而最大径向压应力、最大周向压应力和最大剪应力则随膜厚度的增加而减小，其中最大剪应力减幅较小；膜厚度越大时，以上各量随厚度增（减）的速度越慢。其结论对于在金刚石膜的制备中合理地选择厚度、有效地进行应力控制有一定的参考价值。     

Thickness Determination for a Two-Layered Composite of a Film and a Plate by Low-Frequency Ultrasound

We present an ultrasonic method for determining the thickness of a composite consisting of a soft thin film attached to a hard plate substrate, by resonance spectra in the low frequency region, The interrogating waves can be incident only to the two-layered composite from the substrate side. The reflection spectra are obtained by FFT analysis of the compressive pulsed echoes from the composite, and the thicknesses of the film and the substrate are simultaneously inversed by the simulated annealing method from the resonant frequencies knowing other acoustical parameters in prior. The sensitivity of the method to individual thickness, its convergence and stability against experimental noises are studied, Experiment with interrogating wavelength 4 times larger than the film thickness in a sample of a polymer film （0.054mm） on an aluminium plate （6.24mm） verifies the validity of the method. The average relative errors in the measurement of the thicknesses of the film and the substrate are found to be -4.1% and -0.62%, respectively.