Electrospinning of nylon-6,6 solutions into nanofibers: Rheology and morphology relationships

The relationship between the rheological properties of nylon-6,6 solutions and the morphology of their electrospun nanofibers was established. The viscosity of nylon-6,6 in formic acid(90%) was measured in the concentration range of 5 wt%-25 wt% using a programmable viscometer. Electrospinning of nylon-6,6 solutions was carried out under controlled parameters. The chemical structure, morphology and thermal properties of the obtained nanofibers were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), respectively. Entanglement concentration(ce) was found to be 15 wt% and a power law relationship between specific viscosity and solution concentration was observed with exponents of 2.0 and 3.3 for semi-dilute unentangled(c ce) and semi-dilute entangled(c ce) regimes, respectively. The diameter and uniformity of the nanofibers were found to be dependent on the viscosity. Moreover, the average diameter of electrospun nanofibers was found to be dependent on zero shear rate viscosity and normalized concentration(c/ce) in a power law relationship with exponents of 0.298 and 0.816, respectively. For nylon-6,6 solutions, the entanglement concentration(ce = 15 wt%) provides the threshold viscosity required for the formation of a stable polymeric jet during electrospinning and producing uniform beadless fibers. For concentrations less than ce, beaded fibers with some irregularities are formed. DSC analysis showed an increase in crystallinity of all electrospun samples compared to original polymer. Furthermore, Based on FTIR spectroscopy, α phase is dominant in electrospun nanofibers and minor amount of β and γ phases is also available.     

Microstructure characterization of short-chain branching polyethylene with differential scanning calorimetry and successive selfnucleation/annealing thermal fractionation

A series of the copolymers of ethylene with 1-hexene(M1–M9) synthesized by metallocene catalyst Et[Ind]2ZrCl2/MAO was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and successive self-nucleation and annealing(SSA) thermal fractionation. The distribution of methylene sequence length(MSL) in the different copolymers was determined using the SSA method. The comonomer contents of samples M4 and M5 are 2.04 mol% and 2.78 mol%, respectively. Both M4 and M5 have low comonomer content and their MSL distribution profiles exhibit a monotonous increase trend with their MSL. The longest MSL of M5 is 167, and its corresponding molar percent is 43.95%, which is higher than that of M4. Moreover, the melting temperature(Tm) of M5 is also higher than that of M4. The comonomer contents of samples M7, M8, and M9 are 8.73 mol%, 14.18 mol% and 15.05 mol%, respectively. M7, M8, and M9 have high comonomer contents, and their MSL distribution profiles display unimodality. M7 has a lower peak value of 33 and a narrow MSL distribution, resulting in a Tm lower than that of M8 and M9. The MSL and its distribution are also key points that influence the melting behavior of copolymers. Sometimes, MSL and its distribution of copolymers have a greater impact on it than the total comonomer contents, which is different from traditional views.     

纳米复合材料CdS/TiO2制备与不同模式光催化降解多种染料

采用化学水浴沉淀法再结合溶胶-凝胶和程序升温溶剂热两步法制备了一系列不同比例的CdS/TiO2。通过XRD、XPS、SEM、UV-Vis/DRS等手段对所合成纳米复合材料的组成、结构和形貌等进行了表征。结果表明,该系列CdS/TiO2为锐钛矿TiO2和六方相CdS的混合晶相,其在可见光有较强吸收,并且随着复合材料中TiO2比例的增加,BET值明显增大。另外,所合成CdS/TiO2呈圆球形,颗粒比较均匀。紫外光催化降解甲基橙的实验结果表明,摩尔比为1:4的CdS/TiO2的活性明显高于CdS、P25以及其它不     

镁铝类水滑石对阳离子染料中性红的吸附及机理研究

研究了镁铝类水滑石对中性红的吸附及其作用机理,考察了时间、pH、温度、电解质浓度等因素对吸附作用的影响。结果表明,镁铝类水滑石对中性红的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,热力学符合Langmuir吸附等温式。在实验范围内,吸附量随溶液pH的增大而增加,随温度的升高而降低,随电解质浓度的增加先增加后降低。吸附过程是放热、熵减小的自发过程。镁铝类水滑石对中性红的吸附缘于为类水滑石与中性红分子中π电子的较强静电吸引作用。     

纤连蛋白在石墨烯修饰二氧化钛表面吸附的计算机模拟

采用全原子分子动力学模拟方法研究了纤连蛋白(FN)在金红石表面、23%石墨烯覆盖率的金红石表面、92%石墨烯覆盖率的金红石表面、石墨表面的吸附行为.模拟结果表明:FN在金红石表面吸附不稳定.通过石墨烯修饰二氧化钛表面可降低金红石表面的亲水性;当表面含有石墨烯层时,FN都将稳定地吸附在表面上.在23%石墨烯覆盖率的金红石表面上,FN的特异性识别位点朝向溶液而有利于整合素识别.DSSP分析结果显示在40 ns的分子动力学模拟过程中,FN的七个β-折叠结构在所有体系中均没有发生太大变化.由于有石墨烯层存在,表面附近水分子层密度减小.FN的表面吸附能随着表面石墨烯覆盖率的增加而增大.石墨烯修饰能加强二氧化钛表面对蛋白质的吸附.本工作可以为移植体修饰生物材料设计与开发提供参考.     

聚丙烯光照老化下挥发性有机物的热解析-气相色谱谱质联用分析

改造了大体积顶空采样器,在其样品室上方加入氙灯用以模拟阳光照射,以采集聚合物样品在光照条件下逸出的挥发性有机物。使用Tenax吸附管收集某聚丙烯材料光照老化过程中产生的挥发性有机物,通过热解析-气相色谱/质谱联用仪分析挥发性有机物的种类和相对含量。随着光照时间的增加,挥发性有机物的强度有所变化,但物质种类并未改变。聚丙烯样品中的挥发性有机物主要是烷烃、烯烃、酮、醛等物质。     

差示扫描量热法测定比沙可啶的纯度

建立差示扫描量热法测定比沙可啶原料药样品纯度的方法。考察了炉体气氛、升温速率、称样量3个因素对差示扫描量热法测定结果的影响,确定差示扫描量热法最佳实验条件:升温速率为2.0 K/min,称样量为2.0~4.0 mg,炉内气体为静态空气。差示扫描量热法测定比沙可啶样品纯度为99.86%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.02%(n=6),差示扫描量热法测定比沙可啶样品纯度值与HPLC测定结果具有良好的一致性。该方法可以快速、准确地测定比沙可啶化学纯度,为比沙可啶纯度测定提供了一种新的分析方法。     

热抽取法测定钴块中氢含量

研究了钴块中氢含量的测定方法。采用石英坩埚加载样品,热抽取法进行测定。不加任何助熔剂,分析功率为100%,匹配的分析时间为110 s,比较水平设定为0.1%。在选定的参数下,样品能在完全熔融状态下释放出全部氢。方法加标回收率为80%~119%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于15%(n=6),检出限为0.5μg/g。热抽取法的精密度优于熔融法的精密度,满足微量气体分析的要求。     

惰气熔融-热导法测定钕铁硼永磁材料中的氢

建立惰气熔融-热导法测定钕铁硼永磁材料中氢的分析方法。当氧-氢比例大于50:1时,CO对氢的测定结果产生一定的干扰,加入舒茨试剂可消除此干扰。采用标准坩埚,称样0.05g,熔融功率为2.85 kW,选择高纯镍篮和锡片做助熔剂,钕铁硼中氢释放完全。以普通钢铁参考物质建立氢校准曲线,线性相关系数r～2=0.9999,检出限为0.75μg/g。该法用于钕铁硼样品中氢的测定,测定结果与脉冲熔融飞行时间质谱-气体元素分析仪测定结果基本一致,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.4%(n=5)。该方法可以准确测定钕铁硼永磁材料中的氢,能满足日常分析的要求。     

α-Al_2O_3比表面积标准物质的研制

选择市售α-Al2O3粉体作为比表面积标准物质候选材料,采用交叉缩分方法对标准物质样品进行分装。检验结果表明α-Al2O3标准物质样品具有良好的均匀性和稳定性(18个月)。采用国际公认的氮气物理吸附BET方法,联合测量能力经过确认的8家实验室对α-Al2O3标准物质样品进行定值,标准值比表面积为5.47 m2/g,不确定度为0.22 m2/g(k=2)。