氢气在乙酰丙酸+水+γ-戊内酯中的溶解度

在温度353.2～453.2K、压力0.75～5.25MPa的条件下,采用平衡取样的方法,测定了氢气在不同组成(xi为摩尔分数)的四种液体乙酰丙酸、乙酰丙酸(x1=0.37)+水(x2=0.63)、γ-戊内酯、乙酰丙酸(x1=0.33)+水(x2=0.33)+γ-戊内酯(x3=0.34)中的溶解度.根据亨利定律对实验数据进行关联,得出不同温度下氢气在液体中的亨利系数,通过亨利系数和温度的关系,计算出氢气在液体中的摩尔溶解焓和摩尔溶解熵.结果表明:在实验温度、压力范围内,提高温度、增加压力,氢气在四种不同液体中的溶解度皆增大;在温度和压力相同时,氢气在四种液体乙酰丙酸(x1=0.37)+水(x2=0.63)、乙酰丙酸、乙酰丙酸(x1=0.33)+水(x2=0.33)+γ-戊内酯(x3=0.34)和γ-戊内酯中的溶解度依次增大;氢气在四种液体中的亨利系数均随着温度的升高而减小;氢气在四种液体中的摩尔溶解焓为正值,摩尔溶解熵为负值.     

氢气存在下煤焦水蒸气气化： II 修正随机孔模型的建立

采用热天平对神府煤1200℃快速热解焦进行常压水蒸气/惰性气气化及水蒸气/氢气气化。考察神府煤焦在875℃~950℃时与水蒸气/惰性气的气化反应和水蒸气/氢气的气化反应特性,两者的特征曲线明显不同。不加氢的水蒸气气化反应速率随碳转化率的增加缓慢而均匀地下降;加氢水蒸气气化反应速率随碳转化率的增加先迅速降低,而后降低较缓慢。此种形式的气化曲线以往的动力学模型很难进行模拟,研究根据随机孔模型提出了一个新的气化动力学模型。此模型拟合的数据与实验数据比较,证明了修正的随机孔模型可以更好的模拟煤焦的加氢水蒸气气化,相关系数达到0.996以上。用修正模型求得的神府煤焦加氢水蒸气气化的活化能为251.990kJ/mol,指前因子为5.97877×10⁹min^-1。     

硼掺杂对K2La2Ti3O10光催化分解水制氢活性的影响

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了层状钙钛矿复合氧化物K2La2Ti3O10 及B掺杂的K2La2Ti3O10, 并采用X射线衍射和紫外-可见漫反射光谱等对制得样品进行了表征. 以I-为电子给体,分别在紫外和可见光辐射下研究了所制得样品光催化分解水的产氢活性; 采用第一性原理,计算了B掺杂对K2La2Ti3O10 半导体能带结构和态密度的影响,从电子结构的变化揭示了掺杂引起光催化活性差异的原因. 结果表明, B的掺入能够提高K2La2Ti3O10 的光解水产氢活性且存在合适的B掺杂浓度. 当B与Ti的摩尔比为0.01∶1时,紫外光催化分解水产氢速率为151.7 μmol/(L·h), 比未掺杂B的K2La2Ti3O10 产氢速率提高166%; 当B与Ti的摩尔比为0.02∶1时,可见光催化分解水产氢速率为85.2 μmol/(L·h), 为未掺杂B的K2La2Ti3O10 产氢速率的5.2倍.     

Spin-Polarized Carriers Injection from Ferromagnetic Metal into Organic Semiconductor

Charge carriers in organic semiconductor are different from that of traditional inorganic semiconductor. Based on three-current model, considering electrical field effect, we present a theoretical model to discuss spin-polarized injection from ferromagnetic electrode into organic semiconductor by analyzing electrochemical potential both in ferromagnetic electrode and organic semiconductors. The calculated result of this model shows effects of electrode＇s spin polarization, equilibrium value of polarons ratio, interracial conductance, bulk conductivity of materials and electrical field. It is found that we could get decent spin polarization with common ferromagnetic electrode by increasing equilibrium value of polarons ratio. We also find that large and matched bulk conductivity of organic semiconductor and electrode, small spin-dependent interracial conductance, and enough large electrical field are critical factors for increasing spin polarization.     

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介绍了Pacman装置的设计原理,用Pacman装置测量了OST公司通过内锡法工艺制备的Nb3Sn超导股线在12T,4.2K条件下单轴方向的临界电流与应变的关系,应变的范围在-0.8%～+0.6%。用偏量比例模型模拟了临界电流与轴向应变之间的规律,分析了随应变的改变n值的变化,得出了Nb3Sn超导股线对应变的敏感程度。     

Proton Ratio of HL-2A Bucket Ion Source

For heating the tokamak plasma effectively, the ion source must be capable of producing ions with high proton ratio. The proton ratio, which is found to be more than 65.6% at the ion current of 19.6A with the extraction voltage of 39.6 k V, is measured with an image spectrograph by Doppler shift effect of Balmer-α-radiation spectrum emitted from fast hydrogen particles. The tendency of proton ratio with the ion density in experiment is almost the same as the mode devised by Zhang et al. Okumura et al. only gave the affection of the plasma volume and ion loss area on the proton ratio, but the relationship between the ion density in chamber and the proton ratio was not presented. We give the relationship.     

A New Scheme to Projective Synchronization of Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems

We demonstrate that the projective synchronization can be observed in coupled fractional-order chaotic systems. A new systematic and powerful coupling scheme is developed to investigate the projective synchronization via the open-plus-closed-loop control, which allows us to arbitrarily manipulate the scaling factor of projective synchronization. The proposed scheme is proved analytically on the basis of the stability theorem of the fractional differential equations. Numerical simulations on the fraction-order chaotic Chen system are presented to justify the theoretical analysis.     

两比例失效率元件组成串联系统元件冗余与系统冗余的随机比较

针对两个比例失效率元件组成的串联系统,在热冗余的情形下,讨论了串联系统的元件冗余与系统冗余两种方案,并基于随机序的方法,对普通随机序、失效率序、反失效率序建立了元件冗余优于系统冗余的随机比较理论.     

保险公司的一般再保险策略

本文在保险公司盈余过程服从Cramer-Lundberg模型时,研究了在破产概率最小限制下一般再保险策略的选择问题.利用动态规划的方法,得到了破产概率满足的HJB方程,并证明了方程解的存在性与识别定理;并对最优策略下的破产概率做了近似估计.特别,当理赔服从指数分布时,对比例再保险得到了破产概率的估计式.     

几何概型中几种常见的几何量度

如果每个事件发生的概率只与构成该事件区域的长度（面积或体积）成比例,则称这样的概率模型为几何概率模型．其中事件A的概率定义为：