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991.
M. Iijima T. Hatakeyama M. Takahashi H. Hatakeyama 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2001,64(2):617-627
Application of thermomechanometry to the measurement of hydrogels containing a large amount of water was carried out by static
and dynamic methods. A thermomechanical analyzer (TMA) equipped with a quartz compression probe immersed in water was used.
Polysaccharide hydrogels containing ca 98% water were measured. Creep of hydrogels in water was analyzed in a stress range
from 1.04⋅103 to 5.2⋅103 Pa and loading rate from 0.3⋅103 to 3.0⋅103 Pa min−1.Stress relaxation was measured in compressed ratio range from 0.02 to 0.45 m m−1 and in compressing rate was 0.09 to 0.15 m m−1 min−1. Dynamic viscoelasticity was measured by TMA when dynamic Young’s modulus which was larger than 1⋅104 Pa in frequencies ranging from 0.02~0.2 Hz.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
992.
A process is considered whose quality deteriorates accordingto a constant failure intensity . As in practice it can be difficultto estimate the true value of the purpose of this paper isto present a strategy which can be applied without knowing .In order to maximize the number of conforming items per timeunit perfect inspections and renewals are performed. The lengthof the inspection interval is described by an arithmetical sequenceand changes by the time depending on perceived assignable causes.Optimal adaptive control plans provide nearly the same performanceas in the case when is known. 相似文献
993.
Traversa Enrico Di Vona Maria Luisa Licoccia Silvia Sacerdoti Michele Carotta Maria Cristina Gallana Massimiliano Martinelli Giuliano 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2000,19(1-3):193-196
Pure, 5 at%, and 10 at% Ta- or Nb-doped TiO2 nanosized powders were prepared by the sol-gel method. The powders heated to 400°C have the crystalline anatase structure. While the pure TiO2 powder heated to 850°C has the rutile structure, the addition of Ta and Nb inhibited the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation at this temperature. Ta was soluble in the titania lattice up to the concentration of 10 at%, while the solubility of Nb was 5 at%. Thick films were fabricated with these powders by screen printing technology and then fired at 650°C and 850°C for 1 h. SEM observations showed that the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation induces a grain growth of about one order of magnitude for pure TiO2. The addition of Ta and Nb is effective to keep the TiO2 grain size at the nanometric level even at 850°C. Conductance measurements showed that a good gas response is observed only for the nanostructured titania-based films. The CO response of these materials is only slightly affected by humidity. 相似文献
994.
995.
Han S Gemmell SJ Helmer KG Grigg P Wellen JW Hoffman AH Sotak CH 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2000,144(2):217-227
Water diffusion measurements were performed on rabbit Achilles tendons during static tensile loading and tendons in an unloaded state. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was measured along two directions: parallel and perpendicular to the long axis of the tendon. Tendons were studied after being prepared in two ways: (a) after being stored frozen in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and (b) freshly isolated. Statistically significant directional anisotropy was observed in the ADC in all tendons. The ADC was significantly greater in the direction parallel to the long axis of the tendon than in the perpendicular direction. The anisotropy is attributed to the greater restrictions seen by the water molecules in the perpendicular direction and is consistent with the known geometry of the tendon. Storage in PBS caused tendons to swell. This increased the ADC measured along both directions and reduced the anisotropy. The existence of anisotropy in the ADC was not related to the orientation of the specimen in the magnet. The ADC increased along both directions following the application of a 5-N tensile load; the increase was greatest along the perpendicular axis of the tendon. In order to determine whether load-related changes in the ADC reflected changes in interfibrilar spacing, we used electron microscopy to measure load-related changes in fibril spacing. Load-related changes in fiber spacing could not account for the observed changes in the ADC. The increase in ADC caused by loading was attributed to the extrusion of tendon water into a bulk phase along the outside surface of the tendon. In PBS-stored samples, enough fluid was extruded that it could be visualized. The transient response of the ADC to a 5-N tensile load was also studied. The absolute ADC in both directions increased with loading and recovered to baseline upon unloading. The transient changes in ADC, for both loading and unloading, had a mean time constant of approximately 15 min. The magnitude of the load-induced transient ADC changes was comparable to that seen in the static-loading experiments. 相似文献
996.
Kuchel PW Durrant CJ Chapman BE Jarrett PS Regan DG 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2000,145(2):291-301
The alignment of human erythrocytes in aqueous suspensions in the magnetic field B(0) (called the z-direction) of an NMR spectrometer was shown by calculating the diffusion tensor for water in the sample. The diffusion was measured using a pulsed-field-gradient spin-echo NMR method. The extent of diffusion anisotropy for water was exemplified by the values of the apparent diffusion coefficients with erythrocytes of normal shape and volume: for a typical experiment the values for the x-, y-, and z-directions were (6.88 +/- 0.17) x 10(-10), (7.07 +/- 0.17) x 10(-10), and (10.20 +/- 0.17) x 10(-10) m(2) s(-1), respectively. Cells in hypo- and hyperosmotic media were also studied and they too showed the anisotropy of the apparent diffusion coefficients but the extents were different. A new method of data analysis was developed using the Standard Add-On Packages in a Mathematica program. The experimental findings support evidence of erythrocyte alignment that was previously obtained with a high-field-gradient q-space method. 相似文献
997.
在核电站安全研究中,概率安全评价方法已经得到了广泛的应用.但是对于采用非能动设计的核电站系统,其可靠性分析的研究还处于初级阶段.非能动系统的失效不但要考虑常规可靠性分析中考虑的设备失效,还要考虑物理过程的失效.物理过程失效概率的计算方法和能动系统可靠性分析方法完全不同.本文给出物理过程失效的数学描述,介绍了一次二阶矩法、响应面方法,并且应用响应面方法计算了清华大学核能技术设计研究院10MW高温气冷实验堆(HTR-10)余热排出系统失效概率的近似值.
关键词:
概率安全评价
非能动系统
可靠性
响应面 相似文献
998.
首先以Hwey-Lan Liou眼模型为基础,根据等效性原则,保持该眼模型中自然晶状体屈光度不变,对无穷远点成像。然后利用ZEMAX实现光线追迹的方法,将自然晶状体替换为可调节人工晶状体(accommodative intraocular lens,AIOL),结合对人眼成像质量影响的分析,研究了AIOL在眼内的移动度、材料、中心厚度、结构、光学面非球面性等因素对其屈光调节力的影响。结果表明:AIOL移动度对其调节力贡献最大,材料、中心厚度、结构对调节力基本无影响;具有非球面光学面的AIOL调节力相对较大。 相似文献
999.
根据某探测设备可见光通道光学系统的特点和技术指标要求,详细介绍长焦距大口径连续变焦光学系统结构形式选择、初始结构参数计算及像差平衡的方法,给出运用该方法设计的采用正组机械补偿形式的长焦距大口径连续变焦光学系统的设计结果。对连续变焦光学系统进行了像质检测、实景成像及环境试验考核,其结果表明:该光学系统能满足某探测设备的性能要求。 相似文献
1000.
A novel design method for high Q piezoelectric resonators was presented and proposed using the 3-D equations of linear piezoelectricity with quasi-electrostatic
approximation which include losses attributed to mechanical damping in solid and resistance in current conduction. There is
currently no finite element sofware for estimating the Q of a resonator without apriori assumptions of the resonator impedance or damping. There is a necessity for better and more
realistic modeling of resonators and filters due to miniaturization and the rapid advances in frequency ranges in telecommunication.
We presented new three-dimensional finite element models of quartz and barium titanate resonators with mechanical damping
and resistance in current conduction. Lee, Liu and Ballato’s 3-D equations of linear piezoelectricity with quasi-electrostatic
approximation which include losses attributed to mechanical damping in solid and resistance in current conduction were formulated
in a weak form and implemented in COMSOL. The resulting finite element model could predict the Q and other electrical parameters for any piezoelectric resonator without apriori assumptions of damping or resistance. Forced
and free vibration analyses were performed and the results for the Q and other electrical parameters were obtained. Comparisons of the Q and other electrical parameters obtained from the free vibration analysis with their corresponding values from the forced
vibration analysis were found to be in excellent agreement. Hence, the frequency spectra obtained from the free vibration
analysis could be used for designing high Q resonators. Results for quartz thickness shear AT-cut and SC-cut resonators and thickness stretch poled barium titanate resonators
were presented. An unexpected benefit of the model was the prediction of resonator Q with energy losses via the mounting supports. 相似文献