多移动机器人的目标跟踪研究

本文主要对低温真空球罐三维可视化温度在线监测系统进行介绍,在真空球罐外罐内壁、内罐外壁、夹层、垂直支架等部位安装温度传感器,通过LabVIEW数据采集板卡实时采集温度信号,在Pro－E中建立球罐三维模型,划分网格后导入到LabVIEW环境中,将采集到的温度信号通过空间插值算法映射到模型中,直观显示真空球罐的整体温度信息,同时,通过LabVIEW三维模型场景对象属性节点和方法节点开发了模型隐藏、剖分、透视以及拾取传感器点等多样化功能,该套在线监测系统已经投入使用,整体性能表现优异,尤其是直观新颖的三维可视化操作界面受到操作人员的一致好评。     

空间相机CCD像面拼接重叠像元数分析与计算

针对一类具有分段仿射形式的混杂系统模型的控制方法问题,提出了一种高效显式模型预测控制算法。该算法通过将最优控制问题转化为多参数规划问题,离线求得具有分段仿射形式的显式控制器;在线过程,应用一种新的搜索算法,它能够快速准确的对系统状态点进行定位,确定其所属的控制器分区,再根据该分区所对应的子控制率,进行简单的线性运算,即可得到系统的输入。该控制方法避免了反复的在线优化计算,大大减少了计算量,并且,在线计算的速度更快,控制的实时性更好。将该算法应用到具有典型混杂特性的两容水箱系统中,仿真结果表明：水箱的液位从初始液位能够快速平稳的达到期望的液位,且与其它的控制算法相比较,该算法更加高效。     

Production of Raw Starch-Saccharifying Thermostable and Neutral Glucoamylase by the Thermophilic Mold <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae</Emphasis> in Submerged Fermentation

Among physical and nutritional parameters optimized by “one variable at a time” approach, four cultural variables (sucrose, MgSO₄ ^.7H₂O, inoculum size, and incubation period) significantly affected glucoamylase production. These variables were, therefore, selected for optimization using response surface methodology. The p-values of the coefficients for linear effect of sucrose and inoculum size were less than 0.0001, suggesting them to be the key experimental variables in glucoamylase production. The enzyme production (34 U/ml) attained under optimized conditions (sucrose, 2%; MgSO₄ ^.7H₂O, 0.13%; yeast extract, 0.1%; inoculum size, 5 × 10⁶ spores per 50 ml production medium; incubation time, 48 h; temperature, 40°C; and pH 7.0) was comparable with the value predicted by polynomial model (34.2 U/ml). An over all 3.1-fold higher enzyme titers were attained due to response surface optimization. The experimental model was validated by carrying out glucoamylase production in shake flasks of increasing capacity (0.25–2.0 l) and 22-l laboratory bioreactors (stirred tank and airlift), where the enzyme production was sustainable. Furthermore, the fermentation time was reduced from 48 h in shake flasks to 32 h in bioreactors.     

Grid convergence studies for the prediction of hurricane storm surge

The focus of this paper is a systematic determination of the relationship between grid resolution and errors associated with computations of hurricane storm surge. A grid structure is sought that provides the spatial resolution necessary to capture pertinent storm surge physics and does not overdiscretize. A set of numerical experiments simulating storm surge generation over 14 grid discretizations of idealized domains examines the influence of grid spacing, shoreline detail, coastline resolution and characteristics of the meteorological forcing on storm surge computations. Errors associated with a given grid are estimated using a Richardson-based error estimator. Analysis of the magnitude and location of estimated errors indicates that underresolution on the continental shelf leads to significant overprediction of the primary storm surge. In deeper waters, underresolution causes smearing or damping of the inverted barometer forcing function, which in turn results in underprediction of the surge elevation. In order to maintain a specified error level throughout the duration of the storm, the highest grid resolution is required on the continental shelf and particularly in nearshore areas. The disparity of discretization requirements between deep waters and coastal regions is best met using a graded grid. Application of the graded gridding strategy to the hindcast of Hurricane Camille reinforces the necessity of using a grid that has high levels of resolution in nearshore regions and areas of complex coastal geometry. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

怠速工况下燃油系统的噪声评价和改善*

在实车怠速工况下的噪声振动性能评价过程中,燃油系统是发动机诸多子系统当中一个重要的声源。针对这一子系统产生的车内脉动噪声偏大的问题,总结出了对燃油类液体的脉动噪声振动控制机理、原因及诊断方法。首先,采用在燃油轨内追加阻尼器的方案很好地抑制了谐频噪声;然后,从燃油泵这一主要激振源出发,提出了设定燃油泵单品噪声振动、声品质等目标值的策略,即从源头上控制关键产品的噪声性能。在此基础之上,与之相应的解决方案实施之后,怠速工况下的车内噪声提升到了较好的水平,而且,燃油系统噪声的主观评价结论也认为得到了明显改善。     

15×10~4m~3超大型油罐应力测试与数值模拟分析

兰州原油末站大型油罐群,是我国首次在饱和黄土地基修建的大型储油设施。依托其中一座15×104 m3超大型非锚固油罐,开展了现场充水测试罐壁静态应力的试验研究。通过粘贴在油罐罐壁的应变计,测试充水过程中罐壁应力的变化规律,并采用有限元对15×104 m3超大型油罐进行应力分析。测试结果表明:罐壁的环向应力随充水水位的增加基本呈线性关系。数值模拟计算表明,罐壁环向应力最大值发生在第二圈罐壁和第三圈罐壁相连接的位置。由于罐壁上部设置了抗风圈和加强圈,有效地控制了罐壁的径向位移,使罐壁环向应力和竖向轴向应力在加强圈和抗风圈附近发生波动。将有限元数值模拟计算的罐壁环向应力分布情况与实测应力进行比较,两者总体吻合较好。上述研究结果可为超大型储罐在黄土地基的设计和建造提供技术依据和设计参数验证。     

弯曲动叶对跨音轴流压气机性能的影响

对具有弯曲动叶的跨音轴流压气机性能的数值研究表明,反弯曲动叶中通道激波沿径向倾斜角度最大,在顶部移向下游,在中部移向前缘,提高了失速裕度,但也增加了中部损失,反弯曲动叶级效率最低。正弯曲动叶中通道激波在顶部前移,失速裕度下降,通道激波近似为径向,负荷沿叶高分布均匀,气动效率最高。通道激波位置合理分布是弯曲动叶改型设计成功的关键。     

气候变化对浙江沿海风暴潮的影响

基于浙江沿海多个气象观测站和潮位观测站近50年的气温、潮位及风暴潮的资料,研究了气候变化背景下浙江沿海台风暴潮变化特征.分析表明,随着沿海地区年平均气温的上升,浙江沿海相对海平面、登陆台风、超警戒风暴潮、较大风暴增水、年极值高潮位等都呈现出上升或增多趋势;在此背景下,浙江沿海风暴潮灾害风险也随之增大,特别是2000年以来,登陆浙江沿海的台风个数和最大增水超过300cm的风暴潮次数都显著增多.对气候变化背景下浙江沿海风暴潮灾害的影响分析,将为今后风暴潮预警及防灾、减灾的应对提供重要的启示和参考.     

Simulating regular wave propagation over a submerged bar by boundary element method model and Boussinesq equation model

Numerical models based on the boundary element method and Boussinesq equation are used to simulate the wave transform over a submerged bar for regular waves.In the boundary-element-method model the linear element is used,and the integrals are computed by analytical formulas.The Boussinesq-equation model is the well-known FUNWAVE from the University of Delaware.We compare the numerical free surface displacements with the laboratory data on both gentle slope and steep slope,and find that both the models simulate the wave transform well.We further compute the agreement indexes between the numerical result and laboratory data,and the results support that the boundary-element-method model has a stable good performance,which is due to the fact that its governing equation has no restriction on nonlinearity and dispersion as compared with Boussinesq equation.