Compliance with GLP standards and management in analytical laboratories: current status

 Analytical laboratories in Japan, operating more often as departments within a company than as independent contractors, have to contend with different good laboratory practice (GLP) standards. Problems also occur in the analytical laboratories which must comply with GLP, good manufacturing practice (GMP) and good clinical practice (GCP) regulations within the same facility. The status of these GLP-complied analytical laboratories is reviewed with regard to assurance program, validation method, laboratory information management, and security systems. The differences in the responsible authorities and scopes under the six GLPs are also briefly described. Analytical tests in GLP are not itemized as a test for accreditation. Therefore, the accreditation of analytical laboratories in Japan is currently granted as a part of ISO 9000 approvals. Received: 27 September 1996 Accepted: 11 November 1996     

A five facets frame for the design of heuristics

The author suggested to distinguish between the ‘engineering approach’ and the ‘mathematical approach’ in connection with the design of heuristics. Stainton and Papoulias extended the scope by suggesting the ‘relational approach’. Based upon this extension, a five facets frame is presented here which is suggested to precede and accompany the ‘technical’ design of the heuristic. The facets are: coverage by participation, experience by doing, abstraction by structuring, extension by comparison, exploration by creativity.     

Mathematical programming in the Netherlands

Results of an exhaustive survey of mathematical programming in the Netherlands held in 1982 are presented and, where applicable, compared to a survey held in 1976. It appears that the growth rate has levelled off, that about half of the largest one hundred industrial firms in the Netherlands now apply MP and that the users are quite satisfied with LP programs except for input, output and documentation.     

How do domains of knowledge integrate into mathematics teachers’ practice?

This study is a part of a research project that seeks to characterize the relationship between mathematics teachers’ knowledge and their practice. In this paper, we focus on identifying the characteristics of subject matter knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge that two teachers integrate in decisions they make about the introduction of specific mathematical content. Then, we examine the changes that arise in their classrooms as their plans are put in action. Data were obtained through audiotapes of several semi-structured interviews, through observations, and through videotapes. Although the two teachers in this study had similar backgrounds and experiences, our analysis shows differences in the characteristics of the domains of knowledge they integrated in their planning as well as differences in the adaptations that each made in the classroom. In this sense, this study contributes to better understanding the complexity of teachers’ professional practice.     

分析仪器标本实物学习平台构建及教学实践探索——以分光光度计为例

针对本科生在分析仪器学习中存在的困难,探索构建分析仪器实物学习平台,将抽象的仪器原理和功能学习实物化、具体化;以学习者为主体制作仪器标本和多媒体自学课件,激活了学生自身的学习、创新能力;经过4年的教学实践,说明新模式提高了学习效率和教学效果。     

工科非化学类专业物理化学的教学设计与实践

Based on the situation of China University of Petroleum (East China) and the students' training characteristics, we have explored the reasonable teaching design on the basis of combining the theory and features of physical chemistry course with the practices, to facilitate chemical knowledge acquisition in non-chemical engineering majors. Teaching reforms such as using a variety of teaching methods and evaluation modes were employed in oil & gas storage and transportation engineering major, which has received significant teaching results.     

美国化学教育专业博士培养方案研究

基于学科的教育研究人才的培养对于深入推进教育改革具有重要意义。研究了美国6所大学的化学教育专业博士培养方案,分析了其培养目标、课程设置、科研要求、教学实践要求等方面的特点。结果发现：其培养目标既指向基础教育又指向高等教育;课程设置强调化学专业知识、教育理论和研究方法三位一体;科研要求注重科学研究态度的培养和科学研究能力的训练;教学实践要求为将来走上工作岗位奠定基础。结合与其相对应的我国化学课程与教学论专业博士培养方案,提出了明确并扩展培养目标、提高化学专业课程要求、强化研究方法课程、重视教学实践能力等启示。     

开放式项目制教学在材料成型专业实践教学中的应用

大学生创新能力、工程意识和团队协作能力的培养是工程训练的重要目标和教学改革的重要内容。“典型生产工艺流程”是湖南大学为化工、材料、环境等专业开设的工程训练项目。结合课程的特点和已存在的问题,课程采用开放式项目制教学的模式,对教学环节进行设计。选取了体现专业特点,并与生活实践、社会热点、科学前沿等结合紧密的案例进行应用。     

哈工大材料与化工(化学工程领域)专业硕士研究生培养的探索与实践

The status and main problems in the cultivation of master degree graduate training in materials and chemical engineering (chemical engineering field) of Harbin Institute of Technology were analyzed by applying the concept of engineering education paradigm. Combined with the professional directions of chemical engineering discipline in HIT, i.e. "one field" (new chemical material field) and "two industries" (electrochemical engineering and polymer material engineering), the revision of training program, the course constructions and the measures for engineering practice ability and innovation ability training were explored and practiced with the purpose of the cultivation of industry leaders and high-level talents in chemical engineering filed.     

基于扎根理论的化学师范生顶岗实习实践性知识发展研究

基于扎根理论，从顶岗实习的视角，运用质的研究方法，对化学专业师范生顶岗实习过程中实践性知识的发展路径及阶段性特征获得以下理性认识：（1）顶岗实习过程中化学专业师范生实践性知识发展的路径主要有：理论与实践的冲突与融合，个人经验的积累与建构，他人经验的参考与借鉴，活动参与的反思与提升，团队智慧的碰撞与交流，实习环境的熏陶与促动。（2）顶岗实习过程中化学专业师范生实践性知识发展呈现一定的阶段性特征：顶岗实习前期，化学专业师范生实践性知识的发展具有较为明显的个体性、理想性、冲突性、借鉴性特征；顶岗实习后期，化学专业师范生实践性知识的发展则具有较为明显的针对性、融合性、迁移性和验证性特征。基于研究结论提出关于师范生实践性知识生成与发展的几点建议。