利用内耗研究淬火空位对Cu-11.9Al-2.5Mn(wt%)形状记忆合金逆马氏体相变温度的影响

利用内耗手段研究了淬火空位的演变行为及其对Cu-11.9Al-2.5Mn(wt%)形状记忆合金逆马氏体相变温度的影响.通过对不同冷却方式的样品研究表明,较高的冷却速度可以导致较高的逆马氏体相变峰峰温.而对于水淬样品,相变峰峰温随淬火温度呈非单调变化行为,这可能与有序相及无序相中不同的空位形成能有关.经历热循环以后,逆马氏体相变峰峰温显著降低. 关键词： 形状记忆合金 热处理 马氏体相变 阻尼     

长脉冲激光辐照下环氧树脂的热烧蚀规律

 研究了树脂基复合材料中常用的E-51环氧树脂在ms级脉冲激光辐照下热烧蚀率及质量烧蚀率的变化规律,分析了脉冲激光的辐照时间、峰值功率密度、重复频率以及脉宽对烧蚀率的影响。研究结果表明：随辐照时间的增加热烧蚀率逐渐增大,但辐照一定时间后,热烧蚀率趋于稳定;峰值功率密度的增加能明显提高热烧蚀率,但随峰值功率密度的增加,热烧蚀率的增幅减小直至趋于一定值;热烧蚀率不随脉冲激光重复频率和脉宽的变化而改变,当峰值功率密度一定时,热烧蚀率一定,质量烧蚀率与频率和脉宽成正比。     

溶液浇铸法制备氘代聚乙烯薄膜

采用改进的溶液浇铸法,用氘代聚乙烯为原料,制备了厚度为100, 200, 400 μm的氘代聚乙烯薄膜。研究了溶液温度、干燥温度、真空加热温度及时间等因素对成膜性、薄膜均匀性和透明性的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件:溶液温度120～130 ℃,干燥温度80～100 ℃,加热温度120 ℃,加热时间1 h。3维视频显微镜和原子力显微镜表征结果表明:制备的薄膜透明性较好,厚度较均匀;薄膜表面起伏较小。     

人类Y染色体回文序列中的重复序列与碱基关联

利用信息论和统计学的方法并结合生物学的特征研究人类Y染色体回文序列的互信息、“n字”熵、条件熵,定量分析了回文序列的长程关联和短程关联,发现其中既存在长程关联也存在短程关联,并且它们主要是由序列中的重复序列引起的．研究表明重复序列含量越高碱基之间的关联越强．     

汶川八级地震地质灾害研究

汶川地震触发了15000多处滑坡、崩塌、泥石流,估计直接造成2万人死亡。地质灾害隐患点达10000余多处,以崩塌体增加最为显著,反映出地震对山区高陡斜坡的影响差异性非常大,在山顶上的放大作用非常显著。通过综合分析堰塞湖库容、滑坡坝高以及坝体物质组成和结构,对地震形成的33处坝高大于10m的滑坡堰塞湖进行了评估,划分出极高、高、中和低4种溃决危险。汶川地震滑坡滑床往往不具连续平整的滑面,"尖点撞击"是极震区滑坡的一大共性,可以分为勺型滑床、凸型滑床和阶型滑床等类型。据实地调查,滑坡附近震毁建筑物垂向震动非常明显,具有"地震抛掷"—"撞击崩裂"—"高速滑流"三阶段特征。在高速滑流中,发生3种效应:(1)高速气垫效应,滑坡体由较大块石和土构成,具有一定厚度,飞行行程可达1~3km;(2)碎屑流效应,撞击粉碎的土石呈流动状态,特别是含水丰富时,形成长程流滑;(3)铲刮效应,巨大撞击力导致下部岩体崩裂,形成新滑坡、崩塌,但是,其厚度不大,滑床起伏不平。本文以北川城西滑坡和青川东河口滑坡为例,分析了地震滑坡高速远程滑动及成灾机理。北川县城城西滑坡导致1600人被埋死亡,数百间房屋被毁,是汶川地震触发的最严重的滑坡灾难,举世罕见。青川东河口滑坡—碎屑流是汶川地震触发的较为典型的高速远程复合型滑坡,滑程约2400m,高速碎屑流冲抵清江河左岸,形成滑坡坝,致使7个村庄被埋,约400人死亡。     

Recovery as a measure of oriented crystalline structure in poly(ether ester)s based on poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) used as shape memory polymers

Poly(ether ester)s consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) segments, EOET copolymers, could be used as shape memory polymers (SMP). Crystalline structural characters of the copolymers during the memory process were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimeter, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, polarizing microscopy, and recovery measurements. PEO crystals in stretched EOET copolymer preferentially oriented along fiber axis or stretch direction. During stretching, the structure of the copolymer undertake a transformation from spherulite to fiber, resulting in a crystalline morphology similar to shish-kebab, and recovery properties of stretched EOET samples were dependent on as-described crystalline structural characters that can be influenced by draw ratio. Driving forces for contraction come from the oriented chains, and only oriented or extended chains can be contributive to the recovery of deformation; these extended chains involve both crystalline and amorphous segments. The recovery process in shape memory behavior was noticed to be deorientation of oriented chains due to thermodynamic entropy effect, and was divided into three stages. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 101–112, 1999     

The influence of the molecular mass of two incompatible polymers on their miscibility in the solid state without compatibilizer after casting from solution

The influence of the molecular mass of two incompatible polymers on their miscibility in the solid state has been studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Optical Microscopy. Two pairs of incompatible polymers, polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene/poly(oxyethylene) were cast from a nonselective solvent. When the two polymers are of comparable and relatively high molecular mass (M_w ∼ 60,000) we obtain films in which the domains of the two phases are reduced to 7 μm, without the use of any compatibilizer. On the contrary, when the two polymers present very different molecular masses, a lamellar structure is obtained due to the high repulsion between them. This repulsion has already been observed in solution (Refs. 4 and 5). In the case of polymers with comparable but very low molecular masses the repulsion between them, in solution, is also high, leading to phase separation in the films obtained after removal of the solvent. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 379–387, 1999     

Asymptotic stability in thermoelectromagnetism with memory

A model describing a linear homogeneous dielectric with memory which obeys the Cattaneo–Maxwell law for the heat conduction is presented. The restrictions on the constitutive functionals are found as a direct consequence of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and some free energy potentials exhibited. Such potentials allow to determine a domain of dependence theorem for the first‐order integro‐differential system of equations governing the evolution of the thermoelectromagnetic radiation. The dissipativity due to the memory and to the heat conduction allows to establish some estimates on the asymptotic behaviour and prove the exponential decay of the solution of the system in absence of external sources. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Review of the System-Intrinsic Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics in Extended Space (MNEQT) with Applications

The review deals with a novel approach (MNEQT) to nonequilibrium thermodynamics (NEQT) that is based on the concept of internal equilibrium (IEQ) in an enlarged state space SZ involving internal variables as additional state variables. The IEQ macrostates are unique in SZ and have no memory just as EQ macrostates are in the EQ state space SX⊂SZ. The approach provides a clear strategy to identify the internal variables for any model through several examples. The MNEQT deals directly with system-intrinsic quantities, which are very useful as they fully describe irreversibility. Because of this, MNEQT solves a long-standing problem in NEQT of identifying a unique global temperature T of a system, thus fulfilling Planck’s dream of a global temperature for any system, even if it is not uniform such as when it is driven between two heat baths; T has the conventional interpretation of satisfying the Clausius statement that the exchange macroheatdeQflows from hot to cold, and other sensible criteria expected of a temperature. The concept of the generalized macroheat dQ=deQ+diQ converts the Clausius inequality dS≥deQ/T0 for a system in a medium at temperature T0 into the Clausius equalitydS≡dQ/T, which also covers macrostates with memory, and follows from the extensivity property. The equality also holds for a NEQ isolated system. The novel approach is extremely useful as it also works when no internal state variables are used to study nonunique macrostates in the EQ state space SX at the expense of explicit time dependence in the entropy that gives rise to memory effects. To show the usefulness of the novel approach, we give several examples such as irreversible Carnot cycle, friction and Brownian motion, the free expansion, etc.     

The Importance of Solvent Venting to Reduce Memory Effects with On-Line LC-GC-AED

Conventional operation of the GC Atomic Emission Detector (AED) system involves backflushing of the microwave induced plasma (MIP) during the elution of small volumes of solvent from the GC column. When performing multi-dimensional, on-line LC-GC-AED, significantly larger solvent volumes are introduced into the system and must subsequently be removed. Thus solvent venting procedures are required and the backflushing of the plasma must be extended to facilitate solvent but not solute removal. This study demonstrates the significance of memory effects imparted upon the MIP of the AED if solvent venting is incomplete. Comparison of conventional GC-AED and multi-dimensional LC-GC-AED is made with respect to a fossil fuel sample.