Chiral Triptycenes: Concepts,Progress and Prospects

Triptycenes have been established as unique scaffolds because of their backbone π-structure with a propeller-like shape and saddle-like cavities. They are some of the key organic molecules that have been extensively studied in polymer chemistry, in supramolecular chemistry and in material science. Triptycenes become chiral molecules when substituents are unsymmetrically attached in at least two of their different aromatic rings. This Minireview highlights the chirality of triptycenes from basics to an advanced stage for the development of functional molecules.     

基于响应面法的新型排翼式飞艇的气动优化设计

采用均匀试验设计的方法, 以后掠排翼式飞艇为初始气动外形, 后翼的轴、法向坐标为设计变量, 升力、阻力系数和升阻比为目标函数, 通过CFD结合响应面近似理论, 建立了气动参数的二阶响应面优化模型, 并针对排翼式飞艇的升阻特性进行了优化设计. 研究结果表明: 响应面方法是解决气动优化问题的一种行之有效的方法;优化后排翼式飞艇的气动性能得到明显改善, NACA0020, NACA0030, NACA0040排翼式飞艇的升阻比分别提高了9.61%, 6.08%, 13.08%; 飞翼的轴向和法向位置对各气动参数的影响不尽相同, 升力系数C_rm l和升阻比k对轴向位置更为敏感, 而轴向和法向位置对阻力系数C_d的影响则基本相当.      

手性尼莫地平绝对构型的确定和关联

概述了手性1, 4-二氢吡啶类（1, 4-DHPs）钙拮抗剂的立体化学结构及其药效与绝对构型的关系,以及尼莫地平（nimodipine）的多晶型现象。采用单晶X射线衍射与固体和溶液圆二色（ECD）光谱直接关联的方法,对自发拆分获得的一对尼莫地平外消旋聚集体进行了绝对构型确定,首次获得了手性1, 4-DHPs类化合物的固体和溶液ECD光谱图。本方法对确认有机小分子的绝对构型,以及关联系列手性1, 4-DHP衍生物的绝对构型具有重要参考价值,同时提供了有别于常规非手性方法鉴别优势手性药物晶型的有效手段。     

Isotope shift calculations for D lines of stable and short-lived lithium nuclei

The isotope shifts(TSs) for the 2s~2S_(1/2) to 2p~2P_J(J = 1/2,3/2) transitions of the lithium nuclei including the stable and short-lived isotopes are calculated based on the multi-configuration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method and the relativistic configuration interaction approach.The results are in good agreement with the previous theoretical and experimental results within a deviation less than 0.05%.The methods used here could be applied to the IS calculations for other heavier Li-like ions and few-electron systems.     

不同边界条件下炸药水中爆炸的能量输出结构

针对不同边界条件下,炸药水下爆炸的能量输出结构,设置自由场、沉底、近水底和近水面等不同 边界条件水下爆炸实验。结果表明,炸药在距水底、水面一定距离时爆炸,边界条件对冲击波影响较小,对气 泡脉动影响较大;当炸药与水底距离小于1倍最大气泡半径处爆炸时,由于水底边界影响,不能形成完整的气 泡脉动;当炸药在距水面小于1倍最大气泡半径处爆炸时,气泡直接溢出水面,不能形成气泡脉动压力;当炸 药在距水面1~1.5倍最大气泡半径处爆炸时,部分气泡溢出水面,气泡脉动压力较自由场爆炸时小;气泡在 膨胀和收缩过程中,由于气泡不断上升,水面对气泡脉动的影响范围要大于水底。     

自由曲面索承网格结构的合理布索位置研究

为了给出自由曲面索承网格结构的合理布索位置,首先,将上部网格结构作为连续体,基于鲁棒性定量评价指标,采用改进的大爆炸算法,进行拓扑优化,获得自由曲面的鲁棒构型;其次,利用Hough变换对鲁棒构型进行检测,在布索数量确定后,提取决定布索曲线方向的参数;最后,对布索曲线上的全部节点进行试算,优化出布索曲线端点。算例表明,该方法可为复杂自由曲面索承网格结构优化出基于力学原理的合理布索方案,同时,通过与直观布索方案的对比,证明了本文求得的布索方案具有更好的力学性能,可为实际工程应用提供参考。     

基于离散共轭方法的高超声速导弹气动外形优化设计

开展了离散共轭方法在高超声速气动外形优化设计中的应用研究。构建了基于NURBS方法的几何外形参数化方法,完成了一种简单高效的动网格方法,建立了基于Euler方程的离散共轭方法,并将这些方法与优化算法等集成起来够构建了适合复杂外形的高超声速气动外形优化设计系统。利用该系统对一种导弹的前体进行了优化设计研究,使其升阻比提高了11.2%,优化后导弹前体形状接近双锥外形,说明双锥形前体有利于减小阻力。算例表明,离散共轭方法在高超声速气动外形优化设计中具有良好的应用前景。     

基于Offner中继结构的机载棱镜色散成像光谱仪系统设计

考虑到机载遥感平台对成像光谱仪小型化、轻量化要求的逐渐提高,在分析了主要几种成像光谱仪特点的基础上,重点阐述了技术成熟度较高的光栅色散和棱镜色散型成像光谱仪,研究了基于Offner中继成像结构的紧凑型成像光谱系统。结合Offner同心光学系统成像特点,在给定系统指标的情况下,设计出了两种在发散和会聚光束中使用色散元件的全球面光谱系统,给出了系统的调制传递函数、点列图以及系统谱线弯曲、色畸变曲线。结果表明,两种结构的Offner成像光谱仪,实现了遥感仪器小型化的目的,具有接近衍射极限的优良成像性质。同时,很好地控制了系统的谱线弯曲和色畸变,保证了获取光谱数据的一致性。     

新型排翼式浮升一体化飞艇的布局设计和气动研究

以传统的NACA系列翼型为基准,设计一类实用高效的新型排翼式浮升一体化飞艇.通过数值计算,对浮升一体化飞艇的气动问题和布局设计展开系统的研究,综合分析和评估各气动布局形式的浮升特性.研究结果表明:排翼式浮升一体化飞艇不仅具有接近常规飞艇的体积效率,而且利用后翼对前翼下表面气流形成的阻滞和排翼重叠区域之间的气流加速作用,其总体升阻比较单排翼增大50%以上,当速度大于30 m·s^-1之后可以使飞艇的自重降低,有效载荷提高;同时,排翼式飞艇的弦向尺寸较小,可有效降低材料的表面张力,为高空飞艇表面柔性材料提供了较宽的选择范围.     

Effect of Topology Structures on Synchronization Transition in Coupled Neuron Cells System

In this paper, by the help of evolutionary algorithm and using Hindmarsh-Rose (HR) neuron model, we investigate the effect of topology structures on synchronization transition between different states in coupled neuron cells system. First, we build different coupling structure with N cells, and found the effect of synchronized transition contact not only closely with the topology of the system, but also with whether there exist the ring structures in the system. In particular, both the size and the number of rings have greater effects on such transition behavior. Secondly, we introduce synchronization error to qualitative analyze the effect of the topology structure. Furthermore, by fitting the simulation results, we find that with the increment of the neurons number, there always exist the optimization structures which have the minimum number of connecting edges in the coupling systems. Above results show that the topology structures have a very crucial role on synchronization transition in coupled neuron system. Biological system may gradually acquire such efficient topology structures through the long-term evolution, thus the systems' information process may be optimized by this scheme.