模拟移动床色谱在手性药物大规模拆分中的应用

模拟移动床色谱作为手性药物大规模拆分领域中的强有力工具,越来越受到人们的重视,该文介绍了模拟移动床色谱技术的发展情况及其工作原理,对描述模拟移动床色谱分离行为的理论模型和分离操作中操作参数的确定也作了介绍。     

流化床反应器中甲烷部分氧化制合成气

Most previous studies on the partial oxidation of methane (POM) have used either fixed beds or monolith catalysts[1].     

Design and performance of a fibrous bed bioreactor for odor treatment

Biological processes have become popular for odor treatment. In this study, a novel fibrous bed bioreactor was applied for treatment of odorous gas. The column reactor was packed with spirally wound fibrous sheet material on which a consortium of microorganisms selected from activated sludge was immobilized. The first stage of this work comprised a preliminary study that aimed at investigating the feasibility of the fibrous bed bioreactor for treatment of odorous volatile fatty acids (VFAs). In this stage, the performance of a fibrous bed bioreactor at increasing mass loadings ranging from 9.7 to 104.2 g/(m³·h) was studied. VFA removal efficiencies above 90% were achieved at mass loadings up to 50.3 g/(m³·h). At a mass loading of 104.2 g/(m³·h), removal efficiency was found to be 87.7%. In the second stage of the work, the process was scaled up with design and operational considerations, namely, packing medium, process condition, and configuration selections. A trickling biofilter with synthetic fibrous packing medium was selected. It was operated under countercurrent flow of gas and liquid streams. The effects of inlet concentration and empty bed retention time on bioreactor performance were studied. The bioreactor was effective in treating odorous VFAs at mass loadings up to 32g/(m³·h), at which VFAs started to accumulate in the recirculation liquid, indicating that the biofilm was unable to degradeall the VFAs introduced. Although VFAs accumulated in the liquid phase, the removal efficency remained above 99%, implying that the biochemical reaction rate, rather than gas-to-liquid mass transfer rate, was the limiting factor of this process. The bioreactor was stable for longterm operation; no clogging and degeneration of the packing medium was observed during the 4-mo operation.     

Experiments on the local heat transfer characteristics of a circulating fluidized bed

The role of particle diameter in the heat transfer of a gas–solid suspension to the walls of a circulating fluidized bed was studied for particles of uniform size. This work reports and analyzes new experimental results for the local bed to wall heat transfer coefficient, not including the radiation component, in a long active heat transfer surface length laboratory bed, which extend previous findings and clear up some divergences. The research included determining the effects of extension and location of the heat transfer surface, circulating solids mass flux and average suspension density. An experimental set-up was built, with a 72.5 mm internal diameter riser, 6.0 m high, composed of six double pipe heat exchangers, 0.93 m high, located one above the other. Five narrow sized diameter quartz sand particles − 179, 230, 385, 460 and 545 μm − were tested. Temperature was kept approximately constant at 423 K and the superficial gas velocity at 10.5 m/s. The major influence of suspension density on the wall heat transfer was confirmed, and contrary to other authors, a significant effect of particle size was found, which becomes more relevant for smaller particles and increasing suspension density. It was observed that the extension of the heat transfer surface area did not influence the heat transfer coefficient for lengths greater than 0.93 m.The heat transfer surface location did not show any effect, except for the exchanger at the botton of the riser. A simple correlation was proposed to calculate the heat transfer coefficient as a function of particle diameter and suspension density.     

推移质输沙量的计算及其应用

基于推移质输沙率与水流动力条件之间的关系,提出了一种计算年平均推移质输沙量时,代表性水流动力条件的选择方法,同时将断面分为若干子断面进行计算,可以解决推移质沿断面不均匀输移的计算困难,计算过程中还考虑了推移4质级配的逐时变化。所提出的计算方法应用于黄河青铜峡水库,计算了年平均推移质量,结果与实测淤积量符合很好。     

气—固流化床反应器内双流体力学模型及其验证：Ⅳ.单组分两维射流床内气泡特性

模拟了不同操作条件下,单组分两维射流床内射流崩塌后所形成气泡的形状、运动机理、初始尺寸和上升速度。集合前文（Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ）研究结果表明,在湍流两相流理论基础上建立的“气－固流化床反应器内双流体力学模型”可以很好地分析气固射流床内流体动力学特性,诸如：基本流场变量（气、固相速度场、压力场和空隙率）瞬态变化情况、射流特性（射流发展、射流穿透深度确定方法、射流区气体速度分布和操作条件对射流穿透深度、射流频率的影响等）、时均空隙率分布、时均轴向气体速度分布和气泡特性。由此可见,该方法和思路可以为灰熔聚流化床粉煤气化工艺和其他与流态化技术相关的设计提供必要的信息和有益的建议     

稠密气固两相湍流流动的实验和数值模拟

基于气固两相流动模型计算循环流化床内稠密气固两相流湍流动,颗粒动理学方法模拟颗粒相湍动能,ＳＧＳ模型模拟气相湍流,采用γ－射线密度计和非等速取样管测量局部颗粒浓度和流率,利用ＦＦＴ方法计算颗粒浓度功率谱密度。模拟计算得到上升管内气相和固相速度和浓度分布等。同时数值模拟与Ｔｓｕｊｉ等和Ｋｎｏｗｌｔｏｎ等试验结果进行了比较,结果表明数值模拟计算与实验结果相吻合。     

一种新的往复流试验平台及其泥沙冲刷试验研究

本文提出一种可以模拟潮流运动的自动化控制水槽。该水槽可以时控制往复流两端的水位,实现流的往复运动,并可以按计算机要求实现水位的稳定或渐变。本文同时利用该水槽进行了圆柱开桥墩周围的测试数据、照片为基础、分析了不同水流条件下圆柱形桥墩周围的床面冲刷情况。试验发现在桥墩附近,水流的旋滚运动及旋涡系是造成床面冲刷的主要原因,另外对于往复流情况,桥墩附近床面受到的冲刷比固定水位冲刷时要严重,也更为复杂 。     

燃煤流化床加入氧化钙的氮转化机理

实验研究了 ＣａＯ及与 ＣＯ对 Ｎ２Ｏ、 ＮＯ的催化还原作用。结果表明 ＣａＯ／ＣＯ对 Ｎ２Ｏ的作用表现在可以降低Ｎ２Ｏ的初始分解温度和提高Ｎ２Ｏ的转化率５只有在ＣＯ的共同作用下ＣａＯ可以提高ＮＯ的转化率。以此为基础,分析了不同规模的流化床燃烧不同挥发份含量的煤时加入ＣａＯ后影响Ｎ２Ｏ／ＮＯ排放的不同机理。     

管内气固两相流动的实验和模拟计算

本文基于气固两相流动模型计算循环流化床内的流动．颗粒动理学方法模拟颗粒相湍动．采用γ-射线密度计和非等速取样管测量局部颗粒浓度和流率,利用FFT方法计算颗粒浓度功率谱密度．模拟计算得到上升管内气相和固相速度和浓度分布等．数值模拟计算与实验结果相吻合．