磁性流体密封压差的数值计算

分析并简化了含磁性流体的磁场模型,以密封理论为基础,采用有限元法计算出磁性流体密封的磁场和等压线分布,进而计算出密封压差,分析了密封压差与磁性流体量的关系,给出了多级密封压差的计算方法,同时分析了转速对密封能力的影响。结果发现,数值计算结果与实验结果相一致。     

人工晶体生长设备真空系统的优化设计

真空系统的应用在现代科研生产领域中起着越来越重要的作用,越来越被人们所重视.真空系统设计的好坏,直接影响着晶体生长设备的成功与否,而提高真空系统的密封性,降低真空系统的漏气率是提高真空性能的主要措施.本文简要阐述了提高真空系统的密封性和降低漏气率的一些措施,包括真空系统设计中的结构设计、密封形式的选择、密封材质的选用等,提出了一种新型的静密封结构,从而提高了真空系统的密封性能.     

相转移催化与微波辐射合成三(2-氰乙基)胺

将微波辐射与相转移催化技术相结合,在加压密闭容器中,以氨水和丙烯腈合成了配位中间体三(2-氰乙基)胺,产率为61.2%,合成时间比传统方法缩短了8倍;在微波辐射下,产率为67.2%,合成时间缩短约90倍.对产物进行了元素分析,IR,¹H-NMR,ES-MS,及TG-DTA表征.     

The application of perturbation methods to ecology

In this paper, we study the application of perturbation methods to ecology. We obtain the asymptotic solution of an ecological differential equation.     

滚动轴承的磁性流体润滑和密封研究

选择蒸发极低、粘度适中、润滑性能优良的磁性流体代替润滑脂用于滚动轴承润滑,利用磁性流体转动密封的零泄漏和极低磨损微粒排放,以径向磁体和磁性流体的组合转动密封代替滚动轴承的橡胶密封,实现了滚动轴承的磁性流体润滑和密封,并考察了滚动轴承的磁性流体润滑和密封性能.结果表明,所研制的滚动轴承的润滑剂散失和磨损微粒排放小,适用于高度洁净的特殊环境,应用前景广阔.     

换向持续时间和换向点位置对往复运动齿轮齿条弹流润滑的影响

往复运动齿轮齿条的润滑失效通常发生在换向死点位置附近，因此研究齿轮齿条换向点位置和换向持续时间对换向过程中润滑油膜的影响具有重要的实际意义。根据齿轮齿条换向瞬间的运动几何关系，建立了换向过程齿轮齿条弹流润滑的瞬态数值模型。采用Ree-Eyring润滑流体，应用多重网格法和多重网格积分法等数值方法，计算得到了齿轮齿条往复运动过程中换向点位置附近一对啮合轮齿间的压力、膜厚和温度，并与前人的实验结果进行了对比验证。分析了不同换向持续时间和换向点位置对一对啮合轮齿间压力、膜厚和温度的影响。齿轮齿条换向过程中油膜厚度明显降低，缩短换向持续时间虽然可以增大齿轮齿条的润滑膜厚，但会导致瞬间油温升高，因此换向持续时间存在最优值。通过比较不同换向死点位置的膜厚发现，当换向死点在单齿啮合后的双齿啮合区时，啮合轮齿间具有较理想的润滑膜厚。无论换向持续时间长短，润滑膜厚的最小值都在换向死点位置，换向死点位置是往复运动齿轮齿条润滑失效的危险点。研究结果为往复运动齿轮齿条的润滑设计提供了理论依据。     

Influence of additives blended with motor base oils on the braking torque under an auxiliary external DC electric field

The paper presents the results of experiments upon the influence of tribocharging of PAO and PAG synthetic motor base oils blended with different additives—friction modifiers (FM) and antiwear agents (AW)—and the effect of an external DC electric field on the braking torque. The experiments are carried out in a rotating shaft–oil–lip seal system which represents a specially built experimental facility to be a simplified model of an engine crankcase in the interior of which a metal shaft rotates. The research is especially aimed at the braking torque of a rotating shaft sealed with a lip seal and a possibility of reduction in the torque under external DC electric fields. DC voltage is applied between the stiffening ring of lip seal and a rotating, earthed shaft. The braking torque of rotating shaft is measured as a function of the oil–additive blend's temperature, the shaft's angular velocity, and the absolute value of the external DC voltage. In general, it is found that an external DC electric field causes the braking torque to change with the increasing DC voltage. The change depends on the additives and base oils used in their blends which in turn causes the torque to increase in the case of the PAO–additive blends or to decrease for the PAG–additive blends.     

中低速下干气密封型槽仿生改进研究

为解决干式气体端面密封在中低速或启动停车阶段密封性能不稳定的问题,在现有螺旋槽端面型槽结构的基础上借鉴仿生学设计方法提出了仿生多流通道螺旋槽干气密封端面结构.基于气体润滑理论模型,采用数值分析方法计算了气体端面气膜压力控制方程-雷诺方程,研究对比了普通螺旋槽和多流通道槽的端面压力分布.在改变操作参数和端面气膜厚度的条件下分析对比了普通螺旋槽和多流通道槽两种干气密封的开启力,泄漏率,刚度和刚漏比的变化规律,并研究了槽的通道数对密封性能的影响规律.结果表明:中低速下多流通道细长螺旋槽具有高的稳定性和好的密封性,汇流槽在增加密封稳定性的同时可降低泄漏率.     

THE ECONOMICS OF CONFLICTING INTERESTS: NORTHERN BALTIC SALMON FISHERY ADAPTION TO GRAY SEAL ABUNDANCE

The successful conservation of gray seals has led to increased seal‐induced damage to the Atlantic salmon fisheries of the Baltic Sea. This paper addresses the conflict between the conservation of a formerly endangered species, the gray seal, and professional fishermen, whose livelihoods are affected by both seal‐induced damage and salmon fisheries management. We develop a bioeconomic model that incorporates the age structure of Atlantic salmon and gray seal populations. To determine the social optimum, we maximize the discounted net present value of the trap net fishery, taking into account the presence of seals in the form of seal‐induced losses, which we describe using a damage function. By choosing the optimal combination of fishing gear over time, we obtain the socially optimal fishing efforts, salmon stock size, and salmon catch. In addition, we study the private effects of introducing a technology subsidy aimed at mitigating the seal‐salmon conflict. The results suggest that technological adaptation would effectively reduce the cause of the conflict, while a technology subsidy encouraging such adaptation would shift the economic responsibility from individual fishermen to the broader public.     

交变流动下间隙密封耦合气体轴承的特性研究

气体轴承是回热式热机的一项关键技术,它是利用气体代替润滑油作为润滑剂,在轴与轴承套之间构成气膜,是避免运动面与静止面直接接触的较为理想支撑元件。将间隙密封与气体轴承相结合,可以在实现密封的同时消除接触磨损。本文利用ANSYS Fluent对具有77 kW(声功)设计输出能力的活塞进行其气体轴承与间隙密封耦合特性的数值模拟与分析,指导该新型气路结构的优化设计,并验证其在大功率自由活塞斯特林发动机中应用的可行性。