Linear least squares approach for evaluating crack tip fracture parameters using isochromatic and isoclinic data from digital photoelasticity

In this work, digital photoelasticity technique is used to estimate the crack tip fracture parameters for different crack configurations. Conventionally, only isochromatic data surrounding the crack tip is used for SIF estimation, but with the advent of digital photoelasticity, pixel-wise availability of both isoclinic and isochromatic data could be exploited for SIF estimation in a novel way. A linear least square approach is proposed to estimate the mixed-mode crack tip fracture parameters by solving the multi-parameter stress field equation. The stress intensity factor (SIF) is extracted from those estimated fracture parameters. The isochromatic and isoclinic data around the crack tip is estimated using the ten‐step phase shifting technique. To get the unwrapped data, the adaptive quality guided phase unwrapping algorithm (AQGPU) has been used. The mixed mode fracture parameters, especially SIF are estimated for specimen configurations like single edge notch (SEN), center crack and straight crack ahead of inclusion using the proposed algorithm. The experimental SIF values estimated using the proposed method are compared with analytical/finite element analysis (FEA) results, and are found to be in good agreement.     

T应力对光弹性条纹影响的理论分析

以裂尖弹性应力场的多参数模型为基础,研究I型、II型以及I/II混合型裂纹参数对光弹性条纹的影响. T应力的存在和符号影响着等色线条纹环的半径大小和旋转方向,对于纯I型或II型裂纹而言,条纹环的旋转角度只与T应力有关;而对于I/II混合型裂纹,条纹环旋转角度与K_{\rm I}, K_{\rm II}和T应力有关. T应力的存在使得I型裂纹在裂尖±π/3方向上出现2个各向同性点(T应力为正时),使得II型裂纹在裂尖后的裂纹面上出现1个各向同性点. 对于I/II混合型裂纹而言,当T应力为正时等倾线出现距裂尖半径不等的3个各向同性点;反之, T应力为负时在裂尖后只存在1个各向同性点,这些各向同性点分别与I型和II型裂纹情况具有相同的规律.      

光弹性测量等色线计算机数字图像色谱仿真

应用平面应力-光学定理,计算各点的光程差;应用色彩的RGB原理以及光程差和RGB之间的换算关系,将每个点的光程差换算成RGB值;利用等色线原理,采用VB编写程序,将具有相同RGB值的点按不同的色谱绘出等色线,实现了在载荷作用下光弹性测量等色线计算机数字图像色谱仿真,虚拟再现构件光弹性实验所得到的等色线。对复杂结构,特别是内部存在各种构造孔洞的构件,通过该技术可迅速获得构件全场等色线的分布,为进行结构设计和优化的光弹性实验提供了一种直观的数字化可视技术,同时为高等院校实验力学课程提供了一个虚拟的光弹性实验平台。     

光弹性法中时间边缘效应数学模型和应用研究

在光弹性实验中,模型边缘会产生随时间增长的条纹,它干扰正常的由外载荷引起的应力条纹,给实验带来误差。根据时间边缘效应产生的原因建立了时效数学模型,通过对比根据建立的数学模型模拟的等差线和实验得到的等差线,可以验证所建立的数学模型能够准确地反映出时效的特征,并尝试运用数字光弹性相移法去除时效的影响。     

Whole field evaluation of stress components in digital photoelasticity—Issues, implementation and application

In photoelasticity, the method of obtaining the individual values of principal stresses/normal stresses separately is referred to as stress separation. Shear difference is one of the widely used techniques for stress separation in photoelasticity and one needs the value of fringe order and the isoclinic angle free of noise at every pixel over the domain. For accurate parameter determination, a ten-step phase shifting approach which uses a plane polariscope for isoclinic determination and a circular polariscope for isochromatic determination is proposed. A new quality guided approach for isoclinic unwrapping is developed. Isochromatic phasemap free of ambiguous zones is obtained by a new methodology and is unwrapped by a quality-guided approach. Whole field evaluation of stress components and its representation is then presented. The models used in this study are intentionally subjected to moderate loads showing a high level of isochromatic–isoclinic interaction. In view of this, the isoclinic data has several kinks which is found to cause streak formation in the whole field representation of separated stress components. An outlier smoothing algorithm is proposed for getting a smooth variation of the digital photoelastic parameters over the domain. Use of such smoothed data for stress separation has removed the streaks and has also greatly improved the accuracy of the separated stress components.     

An experimental study of thermal stress in porous materials by methods of holography and photoelasticity

In heat-loaded structures of energy equipment at the moment of crisis of heat exchange in working elements, the ultimate state of the material occurs. Thermal stresses were studied experimentally in a bulk porous material with a groove on the surface with a view to finding out the distribution of deformations and thermal stresses due to the location of the heat source. It appeared efficient to apply optical methods. Using holographic interferometry, a pattern of distribution of thermal deformations over the surface of the specimens was obtained. Using the photoelastic method to investigate a grooved porous structure, a physical pattern of the distribution of thermal stresses inside the block and in the groove was obtained. Ways are outlined for designing and reducing the probability of occurrence of destructive cracks. A similarity is observed in the distribution of strains and stresses that indicates the interrelatedness of surface and internal processes. The application of optical methods made it possible to discover a physical pattern of destruction. The results are expected to be used in the future to investigate other porous materials.     

A matrix method for describing unpolarized light and its applications

A matrix method for describing fully depolarized light is proposed. According to the properties of fully depolarized light it is proved theoretically that this column matrix (Jones vector) can be used to describe unpolarized light as well. Thus, it enables the problems of holographic photoelasticity, including holographic photoelasticity of unpolarized light, to be simply treated by using a unified matrix calculus (Jones calculus).     

Application of Sharafutdinov’s Ray Transform in Integrated Photoelasticity

We explain the main concepts centered around Sharafutdinovs ray transform, its kernel, and the extent to which it can be inverted. It is shown how the ray transform emerges naturally in any attempt to reconstruct optical and stress tensors within a photoelastic medium from measurements on the state of polarization of light beams passing through the strained medium. The problem of reconstruction of stress tensors is crucially related to the fact that the ray transform has a nontrivial kernel; the latter is described by a theorem for which we provide a new proof which is simpler and shorter as in Sharafutdinovs original work, as we limit our scope to tensors which are relevant to Photoelasticity. We explain how the kernel of the ray transform is related to the decomposition of tensor fields into longitudinal and transverse components. The merits of the ray transform as a tool for tensor reconstruction are studied by walking through an explicit example of reconstructing the ₃₃-component of the stress tensor in a cylindrical photoelastic specimen. In order to make the paper self-contained we provide a derivation of the basic equations of Integrated Photoelasticity which describe how the presence of stress within a photoelastic medium influences the passage of polarized light through the material. Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000) 53C65, 53C80, 44-02, 44A12.     

“夹部牙”光弹实验及临床应用

本文提出三维牙颌光弹模型的制作方法,该方法制作的模型可以满足各种有关牙齿的三维光弹应力分析的需要.同时提出新型的“夹部牙”.临床应用及光弹性实验证明它是设计合理的.     

某型飞机发动机涡轮叶片故障分析中的光弹性法的应用

某型飞机发动机发生多起涡轮工作叶片断裂故障，本文用光弹性试验对该叶片结构进行分析，对失效原因提出分析意见，光弹性试验的研究结构已得到转子旋转疲劳试验及发动机等效试车试验的证明，同时通过光弹性试验提出了叶片的结构改进方案，新结构已通过低周疲劳试验及发动机台架试车的考核。